Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Study groups |
P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRS (n = 41) | CRP (n = 39) | Control (n = 41) | ||
|
Mean ± SD |
Mean ± SD |
Mean ± SD |
||
| Age (years) | 53.80 ± 1.42 | 52.41 ± 1.19 | 53.24 ± 1.5 | 0.736a |
| Physical activity (MET-minutes/week) | 369.42 ± 194.37 | 342.24 ± 187.45 | 426.19 ± 234.40 | 0.182a |
| Time since cancer treatment (years) | 5.43 ± 1.09 | 3.34 ± 3.7 | 3.66 ± 7.5 | 0.401a |
| Tumor size (cm) | 3.19 ± 03 | 3.24 ± 0.34 | 2.65 ± 0.19 | 0.527a |
| CDT course numbers |
15.66 ± 0.5 |
15.09 ± 0.5 |
14.24 ± 0.5 |
0.207a |
|
Number (%) |
Number (%) |
Number (%) |
||
| Chemotherapy | 39 (%95.1) | 37 (%94.9) | 40 (%97.6) | 0.847b |
| Radiotherapy | 41 (%100) | 35 (%89.7) | 34 (%82.9) | 0.026b |
| Homogeneity of hands | 19 (%46.3) | 22 (%56.4) | 21 (%51.2) | 0.566b |
| Lymphedema stage | 0.690b | |||
| I | 6 (%14.6) | 8 (%20.5) | 7 (%17.1) | |
| II | 35 (%85.4) | 31 (%79.5) | 33 (%80.5) | |
| Surgery type | 0.331b | |||
| Mastectomy | 26 (%63.4) | 26 (%66.7) | 20 (%48.8) | |
| Lumpectomy | 15 (%36.6) | 13 (%33.3) | 21 (%51.2) | |
| Breast cancer stage at diagnosis | 0.616b | |||
| I | 3 (%7.3) | 4 (%10.3) | 1 (%2.4) | |
| II | 32 (%78) | 28 (%71.8) | 31 (%75.6) | |
| III | 6 (%14.6) | 7 (%17.9) | 9 (%22) | |
| Estrogen status | 0.700b | |||
| Positive | 30 (%73.2) | 31 (%79.5) | 31 (%75.6) | |
| Negative | 11 (%26.8) | 8 (%20.5) | 10 (%24.4) | |
| Progesterone status | 0.648b | |||
| Positive | 31 (%75.6) | 27 (%69.2) | 28 (%68.3) | |
| Negative | 10 (%24.4) | 12 (%30.8) | 13 (%31.7) | |
| HER2 status | 0.752b | |||
| Positive | 9 (%22) | 7 (%17.9) | 6 (%14.6) | |
| Negative | 32 (%78) | 32 (%82.1) | 35 (%85.6) | |
Note: CRS group refers to the subjects received a calorie-restricted diet plus synbiotic, while CRP group followed a calorie-restricted diet plus placebo.
Abbreviations SD, standard deviation; MET, metabolic equivalent; CDT, complete decongestive therapy; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.
a
Obtained from one-way ANOVA.
b
Obtained from Chi-square or Fisher exact test.