Table 4.
Authors/Year | Participants |
IMPT Parameters |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Indications | Median Motion Amplitude (mm) | Treatment Volume (cm3) | Robust Optimisation | Spot Size (mm) | Rescanning | |
Liu et al. (2016) [29] | 11 | Stage II (1), III (9), IV (1) NSCLC | 5.0 (2.0–15) | CTVmedian = 484.9 (103.8–1248.0) | 4D and 3D robust optimisation | 6–14 | N/A |
Jakobi et al. (2018) [28] | 40* | Patients receiving SBRT to the lung | <5 mm: 1.6 (0.6–4.5) >5 mm: 10.2 (5.7–23.3) |
GTVmedian = 9.0 (0.3–37.0) | N/A | 3–8 | N/A |
Engwall et al. (2018) [27] | 3 | N/A | 6.0 (3.7–12.2) | CTVmean = 44.3 (6.5–73.7) | 4D robust optimisation with and without time structures | N/A | Layer |
Grassberger et al. (2013) [31] | 10 | N/A | 10.3 (2.9–30.6) | GTVmedian = 23.1 (2.6–82.3) | N/A | Small spot: 2–3 Big spot: 11–15 |
N/A |
Liu et al. (2018) [30] | 10 | Stage II (1), III (8), IV (1) NSCLC | 5.0 (2.0–15) | ITVmedian = 553.2 (124.3–1314.0) | 3D voxel-wise worst-case robust optimisation | Small spot: 2–6 Big spot: 5–15 |
Isolayered |
Dowdell et al. (2013) [10] | 5 | N/A | 15.1 (2.9–30.6) | CTV50 = 83.3 (50.4–167.1) | N/A | Small spot: 2–4 Big spot: 9–16 |
N/A |
Kraus et al. (2011) [36] | 2 | N/A | 10.3 (9.5–11) | CTV = 108.5 (82.2–134.8) | N/A | N/A | Volumetric |
Kardar et al. (2014) [35] | 7 | Stage III NSCLC | 4.6 (1.4–16.6) | GTV = 236.8 (20.6–545.1) | 3D worst-case robust optimisation | 5.4–14.6 | Isolayered |
Inoue et al. (2016) [34] | 10 | Stage III NSCLC | 3.5 (1.4–6.6) | iCTVmedian = 152.4 (21.8–428.2) | Minimax robust optimisation | 3 | Layer |
Grassberger et al. (2015) [33] | 5 | N/A | 10.7 (2.9–30.6) | GTVmedian = 26.0 (21.1–82.3) | N/A | Small spot: 2–4 Big spot: 8–17 |
Varied |
Engwall et al. (2018) [32] | 7 | N/A | 6 (3.7–12.2) | CTVmean = 52.5 (6.5–176.8) | 4D robust optimisation | 2.5–6.8 | Varied |
Li et al. (2015) [38] | 10 | Stage II, III NSCLC | 8.5 (5–17) | CTVmedian = 222.85 (158.9–539.6) | N/A | 5.6–14.9 | N/A |
Li et al. (2014) [37] | 11 | Stage III NSCLC | 4.3 (1.4–16.6) | CTVmedian = 370.4 (26.2–1119.8) | N/A | 5.4–14.6 | Isolayered |
Kanehira et al. (2017) [15] | 7 | Stage I NSCLC | SI: 11 (5.8–24.7) | GTVmedian = 3.5 (2.0–14.4) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: n = number of study participants; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; CTV = clinical target volume; N/A = not available; SBRT = stereotactic body radiation therapy; GTV = gross tumour volume; ITV = internal target volume; CTV50 = clinical target volume at phase 50 of 4D scan; iCTV = internal clinical target volume; SI = superior inferior.
Only 30 participants were used for comparison in study.