Table 2.
Relevant literature review (Pubmed, Embase & Scopus)
| SL. NO. | AUTHOR | YEAR | NO. OF PATIENTS | AGE | SEX | SIDE | DIAGNOSIS | ART DRUGS | SURGERY | FOLLOW UP | CONCLUSION |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rebelledo | 2011 | 1 | 54 | T | Bilateral | Right Basicervical neck fracture | Tenofovir, lamivudine/zidovudine, tenofovir discontinued and started on lopinavir/ritonavir | Right sided TFN, left sided TFN, teriparatide | 4, 6 week and 2 years | Fracture healed uneventfully |
| Left intertrochanteric fracture with HIV | |||||||||||
| 2 | Chaganty | 2019 | 1 | 35 | M | Bilateral | Bilateral femoral neck fracture with HIV | Zidovudine, Lamivudin | Left sided valgus osteotomy and DHS fixation | 6 months | HIV and retroviral drugs can lead to unrecognized stress fractures |
| 3 | Marco | 2017 | 1 | 14 | F | Bilateral | Femoral neck fracture with HIV | Abacavir, kaletra, tenofovir | CRIF with locking plates | 8 weeks, 10 weeks | Antiretroviral drugs may cause unrecognized fractures due to side effects |
| 4 | Brim | 2007 | 1 | 45 | F | Right | Femoral neck fracture with HIV | Nelfinavir plus lamivudine and zidovudine, later lopinavir/ritonavir, tenofovir, and didanosine | Right hip hemiarthroplasty | Monthly follow ups | Tenofovir induced Fanconi syndrome and fractures |
| 5 | Moon | 2018 | 1 | 51 | M | Bilateral | Left Femoral neck fracture and right Intertrochanteric femur fracture with Chronic HBV | Adefovir and tenofovir | Left THR and right sided CRIF with cephalomedullary nail | 3 months and 12 months | Orthopaedic surgeons should consider the possibility of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia if patients receiving antiviral drug |
| 6 | You Sung Suh | 2017 | 1 | 45 | M | Right | Right I/T femur fracture | Lamivudine and tenofovir | Right sided cephalomedullary nail | NA | Regularly renal toxicity and bone metabolism in patients on tenofovir for early diagnosis before its progression to pathologic fractures |