Table 1.

Parameters used in model simulation

Parameters	Letter	Value
Retinal wave
Retinal wave evolution time step	$\Delta t$	100 ms
ON RGC dendritic radius	$R_{ON}$	400 μm
AC dendritic radius	$R_{AC}$	40 μm
ON RGC bursting threshold	${\Theta }^{ON}$	14 unit
AII AC activation threshold	${\Theta }^{AC}$	0.5 unit
OFF RGC inhibition threshold	${\Theta }^{OFF}$	−0.2 unit
Wave filtering width	${\sigma }_{wave}$	$0.85d_{OFF}$
RGC-V1 learning
Retina-V1 size ratio	$\gamma$	1.98 (monkey) (Jang et al.,2020) 0.75 (cat) (Jang et al., 2020) 0.20 (mouse) (Jang et al.,2020)
Spatial decay parameter of RGC to V1connection	$d_{FF}$	18 μm (cat mosaics) 24 μm (monkey mosaics) 18 μm (mouse mosaics)
Initial weight of RGC to V1 connection	$W_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}^{FF}$	0.05
Nonlinearity of V1 sigmoidal response curve	${\Theta }_{V1}$	0.5
Nonlinearity of V1 sigmoidal response curve	${\delta }_{V1}$	0.15
Time constant of firing rate average	${\tau }^{FF}$	15 learning steps
Learning rate in Hebbian learning	${ϵ}^{FF}$	0.005
Learning epochs	---	15 epochs
Resource limit of single connection	$W_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}^{FF}$	0.14
Image filter size	${\sigma }_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{g}}$	36 μm (cat mosaics) 56 μm (monkey mosaics)
V1 horizontal connection network learning
Initial weight of V1 horizontal connection	$W_{\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}^{V1}$	0.01
Time constant of firing rate average	${\tau }^{V1}$	10 learning steps
Learning rate in Hebbian learning	${ϵ}^{V1}$	2 × 10−7 (cat/monkeymodels) 2 × 10−5 (mouse model)
Learning epochs	---	30 epochs (cat/monkeymodels) 10 epochs (mouse model)
Resource limit of single connection	$W_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{t}}^{V1}$	5 × 10−4
V1 spontaneous activity
Normalization weight of V1 horizontalconnection	$W_{\mathrm{f}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}^{V1}$	3
Amplitude of local random stimulus	$I_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}$	10
Spatial scale of local random stimulus	${\sigma }_{\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}}$	20 μm
Amplitude of background noise stimulus	$I_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}$	0.01
Spatial scale of background noise stimulus	${\sigma }_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{d}}$	30 μm