Table 3.
Significant clinical outcomes for dietary intervention groups. Data were considered statistically significant if P<.05.
| Author/date/reported mean and outcomes measured |
Baseline | Timepoint | Outcome | Within-group changes (P value) | Between-group changes (P value) | ||||||
| Ramadas et al, 2018 [29], mean (SD) | |||||||||||
|
|
HbA1ca (%) |
9.1 (2.0) | 6 months = 8.7 (1.9) | 12 months = 8.5 (1.8) | .004 | —b | |||||
|
|
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 8.9 (3.9) | 6 months = 8.1 (2.7) | 12 months = 7.9 (2.5) | .015 | — | |||||
| Hansel et al, 2017 [28], mean (SD) | |||||||||||
|
|
HbA1c (%) | 7.16 (0.78) | — | 6.86 (0.94) | — | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Weight (kg) | 93.3 (16.2) | — | 91 (3.0) | — | .01 | |||||
|
|
Waist circumference (cm) | 110 (10) | — | 109.1 (4.7) | — | .01 | |||||
| Saslow et al, 2017 [30], mean (SD) and mean (EMMc) | |||||||||||
|
|
HbA1c (%) | 7.1 (0.4) | 16 weeks = 6.2 (–1.1, –0.6) | 32 weeks = 6.3 (–1.1, –0.6) | — | .002 | |||||
|
|
Weight (kg) | 109 (24.9) | 16 weeks = 100.5 (–11.9, -5.2) | 32 weeks = 96.3 (–7.3, 1.3) | — | <.001 | |||||
|
|
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 183 (135) | 16 weeks = 147.5 (–65.7, –5.2 EMM) | 32 weeks = 122.9 (–46.0, 33.6 EMM) | — | .01 | |||||
aHbA1c: hemoglobin A1c
bNot applicable
cEMM: estimated marginal means.