Alterations in GATA-3 and T-bet expression levels and cytokine levels during NCD4 T cell priming at fever temperature (A and B). MFI levels for GATA3 (A) and T-bet (B) in NCD4 cells primed at indicated temperatures for 3 d, permeabilized and stained. Uns, unstimulated NCD4 cells. Mean ± SE, n = 4. (C and D) Time kinetics of Gata3 (C) and Tbx21 (D) mRNA up-regulation at indicated temperatures in NCD4 T cells stimulated with anti-CD3+anti-CD28. Fold increases over unstimulated NCD4 T cells at 37 °C shown. Mean ± SE, n = 3–5 for different time points. (E–G) Mouse NCD4 cells were primed at 37 °C/39 °C for 1 or 2 d before switching to 39 °C/37 °C, rested for one day, and restimulated. Control groups were primed for 3 d at 37 °C or 39 °C. Culture superntant concentrations of IL13 (E), IL4 (F), and IFNg (G) shown. Mean ± SE, n = 4. **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001.