Table 2. Outcome measures between groups.
| Outcome measures | Median (first and third quartiles) | U | Z | p | r | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low PCS (<14.5) | High PCS (14.5) | |||||
| WOMAC (0–96 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 29 (21 and 45) | 50 (41.75 and 65.29) | 155 | −4.363 | .000 | .563c |
| 1 month | 20.5 (13.75 and 26.5) | 34 (23.75 and 53.25) | 200 | −3.699 | .000 | .578c |
| 3 months | 15 (7.75 and 26) | 30 (11.50 and 46.25) | 267.5 | −2.700 | .007 | .349b |
| 6 months | 9 (5 and 19) | 28.5 (8.50 and 39) | 210 | −3.416 | .001 | .445b |
| WOMAC pain (0–20 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 5.5 (3 and 7) | 9 (7.38 and 11.44) | 125.5 | −4.820 | .000 | .622c |
| 1 month | 4 (2 and 6) | 7 (4.75 and 10.25) | 207.5 | −3.602 | .000 | .465b |
| 3 months | 3 (1 and 5) | 5.5 (2 and 10.25) | 296 | −2.288 | .022 | .295a |
| 6 months | 2 (1 and 3) | 6 (2 and 8.25) | 228.5 | −3.157 | .002 | .411b |
| WOMAC stiffness (0–8 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 2.5 (2 and 4) | 4 (3 and 5.25) | 202.5 | −3.737 | .000 | .482b |
| 1 month | 2 (1 and 3) | 3.5 (3 and 4.25 | 236.5 | −3.222 | .001 | .416b |
| 3 months | 1.5 (1 and 3) | 3 (1 and 4.25) | 317.5 | −1.999 | .046 | .258a |
| 6 months | 1 (0 and 1.5) | 2 (.75 and 4) | 269.5 | −2.596 | .009 | .338b |
| WOMAC disability (0–68 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 21.5 (16 and 34.5) | 37.20 (30.75 and 50) | 178 | −4.023 | .000 | .519c |
| 1 month | 15 (9.75 and 19) | 23.50 (16.25 and 36) | 213.5 | −3.501 | .000 | .452b |
| 3 months | 11.5 (4.75 and 18.25) | 22 (7.75 and 30) | 262 | −2.782 | .005 | .359b |
| 6 months | 5 (3.50 and 14) | 19 (6.50 and 27.5) | 198 | −3.601 | .000 | .469b |
| EQ–5D–5L (0–1 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | .608 (.527 and .527) | .281 (.076 and .480) | 131.5 | −4.710 | .000 | .608c |
| 1 month | .728 (.636 and .849) | .648 (.354 and .748) | 276.5 | −2.668 | .010 | .332b |
| 3 months | .849 (.742 and .910) | .721 (.590 and .843) | 289.5 | −2.379 | .017 | .307b |
| 6 months | .910 (.412 and .759) | .709 (.562 and .897) | 222 | −3.258 | .001 | .424b |
| 4MWT (meters/second) | ||||||
| 1 week | .599 (.412 and .759) | .413 (.309 and .727) | 308 | −2.100 | .036 | .271a |
| 1 month | .812 (.676 and 1.063) | .780 (.553 and 1.002) | 390.5 | −.880 | .379 | .114a |
| 3 months | 1.127 (.889 and 1.194) | .920 (.791 and 1.022) | 286.5 | −2.417 | .016 | .312b |
| 6 months | 1.226 (.949 and 1.434) | 1.041 (.791 and 1.167) | 321 | −1.728 | .084 | .225a |
| 30s CST (repetitions) | ||||||
| 1 week | 6 (2.25 and 9) | 0.5 (.00 and 5.25) | 255 | −2.965 | .003 | .284a |
| 1 month | 9.5 (6 and 12.25) | 7 (4.75 and 10) | 302 | −2.196 | .028 | .284a |
| 3 months | 12 (9 and 14) | 9 (6 and 11.25) | 258.5 | −2.844 | .004 | .367b |
| 6 months | 12 (9 and 15) | 12 (9 and 15) | 248.5 | −2.838 | .005 | .369b |
| Active knee flexion (degrees) | ||||||
| 1 week | 85 (70 and 95) | 80 (65 and 90) | 376 | −1.100 | .271 | .142a |
| 1 month | 102.5 (90 and 110) | 100 (90 and 110) | 439 | −.164 | .870 | .021 |
| 3 months | 110 (100 and 116.25) | 110 (100 and 116.25) | 446.5 | −.052 | .958 | .007 |
| 6 months | 115 (110 and 122.5) | 110 (105 and 125) | 403.5 | −.482 | .630 | .063 |
| Active knee extension (degrees) | ||||||
| 1 week | −10 (−11.25 and −8.75) | −10 (−15 and −10) | 385.5 | −1.043 | .279 | .135a |
| 1 month | −10 (−10 and −5) | −10 (−10 and −5) | 406 | −0.701 | .483 | .090 |
| 3 months | −5 (−5 and 0) | −5 (−10 and −5) | 347 | −1.646 | .100 | .212a |
| 6 months | 0 (−5 and 0) | −5 (−5 and 0) | 310.5 | −2.063 | .039 | .269a |
| VAS Rest (0–10 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 3 (1.375 and 4) | 5.75 (4 and 7) | 147.5 | −4.502 | .000 | .581c |
| 1 month | 2 (.75 and 3.25) | 4 (2 and 7) | 252.5 | −2.948 | .003 | .381b |
| 3 months | 0 (0 and 2) | 3.5 (0 and 6) | 267.5 | −2.824 | .005 | .365b |
| 6 months | 0 (0 and 1.5) | 2 (0 and 5) | 230.5 | −3.255 | .001 | .424b |
| VAS Walking (0–10 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 3 (1 and 4.125) | 6 (4.75 and 8) | 151 | −4.438 | .000 | .573c |
| 1 month | 2 (1 and 4) | 5 (2.75 and 7) | 231.5 | −3.249 | .001 | .419b |
| 3 months | 3 (0 and 5) | 4.5 (2 and 6.25) | 319 | −1.954 | .051 | .252a |
| 6 months | 2 (0 and 3.25) | 3 (1.75 and 6) | 258.5 | −2.703 | .007 | .352b |
| VAS Flexion (0–10 range) | ||||||
| 1 week | 6 (3 and 7) | 8 (7 and 9) | 175.5 | −4.101 | .000 | .529c |
| 1 month | 3 (2 and 6) | 7 (5 and 9) | 174.5 | −4.096 | .000 | .529c |
| 3 months | 3.25 (.75 and 5) | 5 (3 and 8) | 244 | −3.066 | .002 | .396b |
| 6 months | 2 (0 and 3.5) | 3.75 (2 and 6) | 251.5 | −2.802 | .005 | .365b |
Notes.
- PCS
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale
- WOMAC
- Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index
- 5Q-5D-5L
- Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimensions—5 Levels
- 4MWT
- 4 Meters Walking Test
- 30s CST
- 30-second Chair Stand Test
- VAS
- Visual Analog Scale
- U
- Mann Whitney’s U
- r
- Effect size
a
Small effect size 0.1–0.29.
b
Medium effect size 0.3–0.49.
c
Large effect size > 0.5.