Table 1.
Sociodemographic, Behavioral, and Laboratory Measurements of Study Participants (N = 176)
| Living with HIV (n = 150 [85%]) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ART-Naive (n = 79 [53%]) | ART-Treated (n = 71 [47%]) | HIV-Uninfected (n = 26 [15%]) | |||||||
| Characteristics | CMV– (n = 13 [16%]) | CMV+ (n = 66 [84%]) | P Value | CMV– (n = 18 [25%]) | CMV+ (n = 53 [75%]) | P Value | CMV– (n = 13 [50%]) | CMV+ (n = 13 [50%]) | P Value |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Age, y | 36 (31–47) | 37 (32–41) | .89 | 43 (40–51) | 46 (40–49) | .79 | 52 (47–57) | 50 (45–58) | .87 |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 12 (92) | 63 (96) | .78 | 17 (97) | 48 (90) | .83 | 11 (85) | 10 (77) | .75 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | |||||||||
| White | 8 (62) | 47 (72) | .14 | 13 (73) | 37 (69) | .07 | 9 (69) | 9 (69) | .99 |
| African Canadian | 3 (23) | 17 (25) | .81 | 4 (22) | 14 (27) | .08 | 3 (23) | 3 (23) | .99 |
| Hispanic | 2 (15) | 2 (3) | .03 | 1 (5) | 2 (4) | .21 | 1 (8) | 1 (8) | .99 |
| Education, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Less than high school | 3 (23) | 17 (26) | .23 | 5 (25) | 15 (29) | .72 | 3 (23) | 2 (15) | .93 |
| High school and above | 7 (54) | 30 (45) | .08 | 7 (40) | 22 (41) | .99 | 6 (47) | 7 (54) | .96 |
| Annual income <$30 000 | 3 (23) | 19 (29) | .14 | 6 (35) | 16 (30) | .85 | 4 (30) | 4 (30) | .89 |
| Behavioral characteristics | |||||||||
| Sexual practices, No. (%) | |||||||||
| MSM | 10 (78) | 50 (76) | .82 | 12 (70) | 39 (73) | .38 | 9 (69) | 8 (62) | .41 |
| Heterosexual | 2 (17) | 13 (20) | .76 | 5 (25) | 12 (23) | .77 | 4 (31) | 3 (23) | .65 |
| Bisexual | 1 (5) | 3 (4) | .98 | 1 (5) | 2 (4) | .96 | 1 (8) | 2 (15) | .97 |
| Smoking and alcohol consumption, No. (%) | |||||||||
| Ex-smoker | … | … | 7 (39) | 19 (35) | .45 | 5 (42) | 5 (36) | .32 | |
| Current smoker | … | … | 4 (21) | 13 (25) | .78 | 3 (22) | 3 (23) | .71 | |
| Current alcohol use | … | … | 12 (68) | 35 (65) | .83 | 8 (62) | 8 (62) | .81 | |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||||||
| CD4+ T-cell count, cells/μL | 397 (253–510) | 406 (298–526) | .23 | 603 (407–700) | 588 (492–699) | .51 | 711 (598–924) | 779 (614–1005) | .52 |
| CD8+ T-cell count, cells/μL | 769 (620–1035) | 877 (703–1102) | .01 | 653 (502–783) | 760 (593–826) | .03 | 376 (291–513) | 379 (246–612) | .87 |
| CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio | 0.52 (0.45–0.89) | 0.46 (0.38–0.54) | .05 | 0.92 (0.87–1.10) | 0.77 (0.53–0.94) | .01 | 2.14 (2.09–2.27) | 2.39 (1.82–2.61) | .49 |
| HIV type 1 VL, log10 copies/mL | 4.57 | 4.54 | .97 | <1.6 | <1.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Duration of HIV infection, y | 0.28 | 0.26 | .82 | 14.2 | 15.7 | .79 | NA | NA | NA |
| Time to initiate ART, y | NA | NA | NA | 2.9 | 2.4 | .91 | NA | NA | NA |
| Duration on ART, y | NA | NA | NA | 12.3 | 13.4 | .84 | NA | NA | NA |
| Anti-CMV IgG, IU/mL | NA | 23.1 (8.7–33.4) | NA | NA | 24.3 (15.1–36.8) | NA | NA | 19.7 (9.6–31.4) | NA |
| Anti-EBV IgG, IU/mL | 16.0 (11.6–19.3) | 16.5 (12.8–19.2) | 0.97 | 15.2 (11.2–17.3) | 15.3 (11.9–18.6) | .96 | 13.2 (4.8–18.3) | 13.9 (5.6–20.8) | .92 |
Data are shown as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise stated. Currency is in Canadian dollars. Values in bold indicate P-value less than or equal to .05.
Abbreviations: –, seronegative; +, seropositive; …, not available; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IgG, immunoglobulin G; MSM, men who have sex with men; NA, not applicable; VL, viral load.