Table 3.

Factors associated with AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related underlying causes of death among children and adolescents who received combination antiretroviral therapy.

		AIDS-related			Non-AIDS-related
Characteristics	Follow-up time (32 361 person-years)	Deaths, n = 183	asHR (95% CI)	P value	Deaths, n = 84	asHR (95% CI)	P value
Sex
Male	16 482	95	–	–	51
Female	15 879	88	–	–	33	0.75 (0.48–1.17)	0.207
Current age (years)^a				<0.001			0.002
<1	173	18	5.09 (2.80–9.23)	<0.001	7	3.79 (1.62–8.84)	0.002
1–4	3894	64	1.82 (1.24–2.67)	0.002	18	1.15 (0.63–2.11)	0.647
5–9	10 031	46	1.00		23	1.00
10–14	10 982	29	0.89 (0.56–1.41)	0.609	14	0.67 (0.34–1.31)	0.244
15–19	6201	20	1.62 (0.92–2.84)	0.094	20	2.03 (1.06–3.91)	0.034
20–24	10 788	6	2.17 (0.88–5.34)	0.093	2	1.04 (0.20–5.51)	0.959
Current CD4⁺ cell count (cells/μl)^a				<0.001			0.005
<200	1629	116	1.00		23	1.00
200–349	1478	11	0.20 (0.10–0.38)	<0.001	13	1.27 (0.62–2.61)	0.519
350–499	7223	20	0.15 (0.09–0.26)	<0.001	19	0.59 (0.29–1.19)	0.141
≥500	17 628	4	0.02 (0.01–0.05)	<0.001	20	0.35 (0.17–0.73)	0.005
Missing	4403	32			9
Current weight-for- age z-score^a				0.029			<0.001
<−3	4327	127	1.00		41	1.00
≤−3 to <−2	6005	17	0.23 (0.14–0.39)	<0.001	11	0.36 (0.18–0.73)	0.005
≥−2	17 636	20	0.14 (0.08–0.24)	<0.001	21	0.29 (0.17–0.52)	<0.001
Missing	4392	19			11
History of AIDS diagnosis^a
No	14 796	14	1.00		10	1.00
Yes	17 565	169	5.35 (3.04–9.42)	<0.001	74	4.67 (2.35–9.25)	<0.001
Currently on second-line cART^a
No	27 453	158	1.00		67	1.00
Yes	4908	25	1.41 (0.87.2.30)	0.163	17	1.75 (1.00–3.09)	0.051
Facility setting				0.021			0.145
Urban	19 909	136	1.00		46	1.00
Mostly urban	10 436	37	0.74 (0.52–1.07)	0.106	27	1.43 (0.88–2.32)	0.146
Mostly rural	2016	10	0.43 (0.22–0.85)	0.015	11	1.73 (0.90–3.31)	0.101
Year of first cART				<0.001			0.101
<2008	17 409	48	1.00		35	1.00
2008–1010	8898	96	1.49 (1.02–2.18)	0.041	36	1.42 (0.80–2.50)	0.230
2011–2013	4696	35	0.90 (0.56–1.45)	0.665	11	0.77 (0.37–1.60)	0.479
2014–2017	1358	4	0.26 (0.09–0.76)	0.014	2	0.36 (0.08–1.62)	0.182

Deaths due to non-AIDS-related underlying causes (n = 84) and those for which causes were unknown or not reviewed (n = 45) were competing events for deaths due to AIDS-related underlying causes (n = 183). Similarly, deaths due to AIDS-related underlying causes and those for which causes were unknown or not reviewed were competing events for death due to non-AIDS-related causes. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; asHR, adjusted sub distribution hazard ratio; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy of three or more antiretrovirals.

Current age, CD4⁺ cell count, weight-for-age z-score, second-line, and AIDS were considered time-dependent variables.