. 2020 Aug 4;10(17):9358–9370. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6622

Table 3.

(a) Results of the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) on fixed factors affecting the time the birds spent on the two cylinders in both vision and olfaction experiments. The dependent variable was the percentage of time the bird spent on the herbivore‐induced cylinder during the first two minutes of the experiment. The parameters were: FC = first choice (herbivore‐induced or control); species = great tit or blue tit; sex = male or female; age = adult or juvenile; side = position of the cylinder with the herbivore‐induced branch in the booth (right or left); date = running number of date; CDP = calming down place (cylinder with the herbivore‐induced branch, cylinder with the control branch or elsewhere); time = time of day (morning or afternoon). The identity of the branch pair was used as a random factor (vision experiment: estimate = 0, SE = NA: olfaction experiment: estimate = 0, SE = NA). (b) Least square means estimates and standard errors (SE) of the analyzed independent variables. As the running number of date was a continuous variable, it cannot have the least square mean estimate

(a)	Vision experiment		Olfaction experiment
Parameter	F_df	p	F_df	p
FC	5.55_1,29	.025	5.89_1,18	.026
Species	6.23_1,29	.019	0.66_1,18	.43
Age	1.64_1,29	.21	0.47_1,18	.50
Sex	1.00_1,29	.33	0.02_1,18	.90
Date	0.38_1,29	.54	0.64_1,18	.44
Side	0.00_1,29	.97	3.70_1,18	.070
CDP	1.36_2,29	.27	0.88_2,18	.43
Time	0.76_1,29	.39	1.14_1,18	.30

(b)	Vision experiment		Olfaction experiment
Parameter	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
FC
Induced	0.46	0.059	0.40	0.066
Control	0.29	0.073	0.12	0.103
Species
Great tit	0.47	0.073	0.22	0.083
Blue tit	0.28	0.060	0.30	0.082
Age
Adult	0.42	0.067	0.30	0.083
Juvenile	0.33	0.064	0.22	0.085
Sex
Female	0.41	0.066	0.25	0.084
Male	0.34	0.064	0.27	0.081
Side
Left	0.37	0.072	0.16	0.084
Right	0.38	0.059	0.36	0.080
CDP
Induced	0.45	0.079	0.32	0.099
Control	0.32	0.062	0.16	0.075
Elsewhere	0.36	0.090	0.29	0.125
Time
Morning	0.32	0.042	0.33	0.061
Afternoon	0.43	0.11	0.19	0.11

Statistically significant p‐values (<.05) are bolded.