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. 2020 Aug 31;8:712. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00712

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Copyright © 2020 Zhong, Fu, Li, Chen, Wang, Gao, Zhang, Cheng, Zhang, Li, Zhang, Qian, Shu, Chai and Gao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Citicoline reduces the expression of apoptotic factors in HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin exposure. (A) Cleaved caspase 3 and DAPI double staining confirmed the apoptotic cells after different treatments. (B) Quantification of the numbers of cleaved caspase 3 and DAPI double-positive cells in (A). (C) Western blot showing that the amount of cleaved caspase 3 in the neomycin-only groups was higher than in the undamaged controls. The amount of cleaved caspase 3 induced by neomycin was significantly reduced by pretreatment with citicoline. (D) Quantification of the western blot in (C). (E) The mRNA levels of five apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR normalized to GAPDH and presented as the fold of control levels. Data are shown as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Scale bars = 20 μm.