MiR-181b is essential for M1 polarized phenotype of macrophages. (A) MiR-181b is upregulated in M1 polarized phenotype of macrophages. (B,C,D,E) Quantification of M1 and M2 markers in macrophages transfected with scramble and miR-181b mimics. Macrophages are pretreated with LPS (100 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (20 ng/mL) for M1 polarization. Macrophages are pretreated with IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for M2 polarization. TNF-α and IL-6 are considered as M1 markers, while Arg-1 and CD206 are defined as M2 markers. (F) Representative immunofluorescence images of CD206 as M2 marker in macrophage transfected with scramble and miR-181b mimics. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *, P<0.05.