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. 2020 Jul 10;112(Suppl 2):792S–805S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa152

TABLE 2.

Indicators available for quantitative data analysis

Level, domain, and subdomain Indicators
Proximal
 Inadequate dietary intake domain
  Breastfeeding Duration of breastfeeding
  Micronutrient supplementation Vitamin A supplementation, MNPs where applicable
  Dietary markers Consumption of grains, legumes, dairy, flesh foods, eggs, vitamin A–rich fruits and vegetables, other fruits and vegetables, minimum dietary diversity1
 Disease domain
  Diarrhea and acute respiratory infection Diarrhea and acute respiratory infection
Intermediate
 Household food insecurity domain
  Food security Altitude, daily intake of calories, total consumable crop yield
 Inadequate care and lack of health services domain
  Maternal and newborn care SBA, ANC4+
  Health infrastructure Health workers per 10k population; health facilities per 10k population
  Care seeking for childhood illness ORT, care seeking for pneumonia
 Unhealthy household environment domain
  Reduction in household crowding Number of household members
  Water, sanitation, and hygiene Open defecation, access to piped water source, improved water source, improved sanitation
Distal
 Income poverty domain
  Education Mother years of education, father years of education
  Economic empowerment Asset index, poverty line
Proximal
 Intergenerational transfer domain
  Fertility, early or old age pregnancy Parity, interpregnancy interval, maternal age, adolescent birth, older mother birth
  Maternal nutritional status, intrauterine growth Maternal height, maternal BMI, anemia, low birth weight
1

These indicators were only available for 6–23 mo in DHS surveys. ANC4+, ≥4 antenatal care visits/services among pregnant women; DHS, demographic and health survey; MNP, micronutrient powders; ORT, oral rehydration therapy; SBA, skilled birth attendance.