FIGURE 2.

Conceptual framework showing distal, intermediate, and proximal determinants of stunting in Ethiopia. Framework reflects only indicators that were measurable and available for quantitative analysis. Skilled birth attendance was omitted because estimates were not available for the first year of study, and were only available for the last 2 y studied (2011 and 2016). Flesh foods refers to meat, fish, poultry, and liver/organ meats. Data on early initiation of breastfeeding were also unavailable and were omitted. Other variables included in analyses were child age in months, child sex, child weight, and child height. DPT3, 3 doses of Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.