Table 1.

Introduction to implementation science terms

Term	Refers to	Example(s)
Implementation science	The scientific study of methods for integrating evidence-based practices into routine care.	–
Implementation strategies	Approaches used to assist with integration of the innovation.	• Educational outreach visits • Audit and feedback • Revision of professional roles
Implementation tools	Products that assist with the implementation of the intervention	• Comprehensive toolkits • Decision-trees for choosing amongst several treatments
Intervention	Selected implementation strategies and/or tools that may be used independently or in combination to support integration of evidence-based practices.	• Staff training • Providing clinical supervision • Providing technical assistance
Innovation	The evidence-based practices being implemented.	• Mental health screening • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Formative evaluation	Systematic assessments used to obtain knowledge of factors that may affect implementation.	• Stakeholder interviews or focus groups • Needs assessment survey • Observation
Factors	Barriers and facilitators (i.e., determinants of practice)	• Intervention cost • Available resources • Leadership engagement • Individual knowledge and beliefs about the intervention