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. 2020 Sep 7;39:181. doi: 10.1186/s13046-020-01689-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Knockdown of YAP1 inhibits nicotine- induced tumor growth and EMT in a xenograft model of PDAC in mice. a, Diagram depicts the overall xenograft study; b-c, The volumes (b) and weights (c) of xenograft tumors from mice in the three experimental groups. d, HE and Ki67 staining in xenograft tumor in the three experimental groups. Scale bar, 100 μm. e, Western blotting was conducted to examine E-cad, Vim, N-cad expression in the three experimental groups. f, Immunofluorescence assays of the expression levels of Vim in xenograft tumor in the three experimental groups. Scale bar, 100 μm. g, qRT-PCR assays of the expression levels of YAP target genes, CTGF, CDX2, CYR61, and CDC20 in mice xenograft tumors. EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; HE, Hematoxylin and eosin, E-cad, E-cadherin; Vim, vimentin; N-cad, N-cadherin; NC, negative control; Nic, nicotine. GAPDH was used as an internal reference. Data are shown as the mean ± SD of three replicates.*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01