Table 1.

Characteristics and quality status of the studies in the meta-analysis of HCAI

First author year	Study region	Study design	Sample size	Prevalence	Quality status
Gedebou et al. 1987 [28]	Addis Ababa	Cross sectional	2506	13.40	Low risk
Gedebou et al. 1988 [10]	Addis Ababa	Cross sectional	700	17.00	Low risk
Habte-Gabr et al. 1988 [12]	Addis Ababa	Cohort	1006	16.40	Low risk
Berhe et al. 2001 [29]	Addis Ababa and SNNPR	Cohort	247	5.90	Low risk
Woldesenbet 2018 [27]	Addis Ababa	Cohort	435	8.5	Low risk
Tesfahun et al. 2009 [30]	Tigray region	Cross sectional	246	27.60	Low risk
Endalafer et al. 2011 [15]	Addis Ababa	Cross sectional	215	35.80	Low risk
Melaku et al. 2012 [16]	Amhara region	Cross sectional	1383	17.80	Low risk
Melaku et al. 2012 [31]	Amhara region	Cross sectional	1254	9.40	Low risk
Mulu et al. 2013 [24]	Amhara region	Cross sectional	294	10.90	Low risk
Sahile et al. 2016 [20]	Oromia region	Cross sectional	500	35	Low risk
Yallew et al. 2016 [17]	Amhara region	Cross sectional	908	14.90	Low risk
Tolera et al. 2018 [26]	Oromia region	Cross sectional	394	6.90	Low risk
Gashaw et al. 2018 [25]	Oromia region	Cross sectional	1015	11.60	Low risk
Ali et al. 2018 [18]	Oromia region	Cohort	1069	19.40	Low risk
Alemayehu et al. 2019 [21]	SNNPR	Cross sectional	939	21.40	Low risk
Gebremeskel et al. 2018 [32]	Addis Ababa	Cross sectional	410	19.80	Low risk
Zewdu et al. 2017 [19]	Oromia region	Cohort	300	14.00	Low risk

SNNPR Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region