Table 1.
Prevalence of disrespect and abuse during childbirth and maternity care in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis [20–47]
| Author | Year of Pub. | Country | Study population | Sample size | Case | Over all Pre. (%) | Physical abuse (%) | Non confidential (%) | Detention (%) | Abandonment (%) | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asefa and Bekele [20] | 2015 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 173 | 136 | 78.6 | 32.9 | 21.4 | 0.6 | 39.3 | 5 |
| Anteneh et al. [21] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Providers | 54 | 14 | 25.9 | 25.9 | 34.5 | 18 | 13.2 | 5 |
| Sheferaw et al. [22] | 2017 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 240 | 87 | 36.0 | 9.0 | 17.0 | NR | 19.0 | 6 |
| Wasihun B et al. [23] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Community | 410 | 275 | 67.1 | 57.6 | 11.0 | NR | 7.1 | 7 |
| Wassihun and Zeleke [24] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 284 | 121 | 42.6 | 34.5 | 31.7 | NR | 32.4 | 6 |
| Kathleen P et al. [25] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 204 | 43 | 21.1 | 0.5 | 13.7 | 0 | 2.5 | 6 |
| Gebremichael et al. [26] | 2018 | Ethiopia | Community | 1125 | 248 | 22.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 3.8 | 6.0 | 8 |
| Ukke et al. [27] | 2019 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 281 | 278 | 98.9 | 29.5 | 17.1 | NR | 4.3 | 5 |
| Mihret [28] | 2019 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 409 | 307 | 75.1 | 46.9 | 32.3 | NR | 12.7 | 6 |
| Bobo et al. [29] | 2019 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 612 | 458 | 74.8 | 37.1 | 40.4 | 2.9 | 25.2 | 7 |
| Siraj et al. [30] | 2019 | Ethiopia | Laboring mothers | 290 | 266 | 91.7 | 87.9 | 50 | 25.9 | 53.8 | 6 |
| Bekele [31] | 2020 | Ethiopia | Community | 316 | 247 | 78.2 | 21.5 | 33.9 | 0.3 | 13.3 | 7 |
| Abuya T et al. [32] | 2015 | Kenya | Laboring mothers | 641 | 129 | 20.1 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 8.1 | 14.3 | 7 |
| Atai et al. [33] | 2018 | Kenya | Laboring mothers | 164 | 53 | 32 | 1 | 28 | NR | 22 | 5 |
| Sando et al et al. [34] H | 2014 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 147 | 18 | 12.2 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 6.8 | 5 |
| Sando et al et al. [34] N | 2014 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 1807 | 271 | 15.0 | 4.7 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 7.9 | 8 |
| Kruk et al. [35] L | 2014 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 1779 | 343 | 19.28 | 2.9 | 4.39 | 0.17 | 8.53 | 9 |
| Kruk et al. [35] C | 2014 | Tanzania | Community | 593 | 167 | 28.16 | 5.08 | 6.16 | 0.34 | 15.54 | 8 |
| Kujawski S et al. [36] | 2015 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 1388 | 247 | 17.79 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9 |
| Sando et al. [37] L | 2016 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 1914 | 278 | 14.5 | 5.0 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 8.0 | 5 |
| Sando et al. [37] C | 2016 | Tanzania | community | 64 | 50 | 78.0 | 52.0 | 54.0 | 2.0 | 52.0 | 8 |
| Kujawski SA et al. [38] | 2017 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 644 | 84 | 13.1 | 2.5 | 1.74 | 2.37 | 6.09 | 9 |
| Freedman et al. [39] P | 2018 | Tanzania | providers | 232 | 162 | 69.8 | 13.79 | 10.78 | 5.17 | 18.1 | 6 |
| Freedman et al. [39] L | 2018 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 232 | 23 | 9.91 | 0.86 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 3.45 | 6 |
| Larson et al. [40] | 2018 | Tanzania | Laboring mothers | 2002 | 286 | 14.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5 |
| Bishanga. et al. [41] | 2019 | Tanzania | Community | 732 | 535 | 73.1 | 4.6 | 32.9 | 30.9 | 16.7 | 7 |
| Galle et al. [42] R | 2019 | Mozambique | Laboring mothers | 302 | 73 | 24 | 0 | NR | 0.3 | 7.3 | 5 |
| Galle et al. [42] U | 2019 | Mozambique | Laboring mothers | 218 | 175 | 80 | 0 | NR | 0 | 34.9 | 5 |
| Sethi et al. [43] | 2017 | Malawi | Laboring mothers | 2109 | 41 | 1.9 | NR | 0.2 | 58.2 | 10 | 8 |
| Okafor et al. [44] | 2015 | Nigeria | Community | 446 | 437 | 98.0 | 35.7 | 26.0 | 22.0 | 29.1 | 7 |
| Ijadunola et al. [45] | 2019 | Nigeria | Laboring mothers | 384 | 73 | 19.1 | 1.6 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 6 | 5 |
| Moyer et al. [46] | 2016 | Ghana | providers | 853 | 614 | 72.0 | NR | NR | 37.9 | NR | 6 |
| Wesson et al. [47] | 2018 | Namibia | Providers | 281 | 88 | 31.0 | 30 | NR | NR | NR | 5 |
H HIV positive, N HIV negative, P Health care providers, C Community, L Laboring mother, CS Cross-sectional study