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. 2020 Sep 7;13:451. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04332-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Fucoidan enhances immunosuppressive properties in Treg cells. qRT-PCR analysis of TGF-β and IL-10 in liver tissues (a, b) and RAW264.7 cells (c, d). The mRNA level of each gene was normalized to GAPDH mRNA levels in each sample. Results are presented using the 2^-ΔΔCq method. e Gating strategy for CCR4⁺, CXCR5⁺, PD-1⁺, ICOS⁺ and KLRG1⁺ Treg cells. Frequencies of CCR4⁺ (f), CXCR5⁺ (g), PD-1⁺ (h), ICOS⁺ (i) and KLRG1⁺ (j) Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. All flow cytometry results were analyzed and plotted using Fluorescence Minus One controls (FMO). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD for each group (n = 5 for each group), and all experiments were performed twice with similar results. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Abbreviation: ns, not significant (Student’s t-test, ANOVA/LSD)