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. 2020 Sep 7;8:158. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-01028-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Histological analysis of Drosophila adult brains pan-neuronally expressing DPRs. a Histological sections of adult Drosophila brains at 28 days post-eclosion reveals vacuolar holes (examples labelled with arrows), characteristic of neurodegeneration in the Drosophila central nervous system. Scale bars 100 μm. b at 28 days post-eclosion pan-neuronal expression of DPRs results in a clear increase in the number of cells positive for the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) (arrows show examples), compared to age matched control (mCD8-GFP) flies. Scale bars 50 μm. c, d Quantification of the number of vacuoles > 5 μm (c) and > 10 μm (d) reveals a significant increase in the number of vacuoles in flies 28 days post-eclosion pan-neuronally expressing (nSyb-Gal4) UAS-AP1000 and UAS-GR1000, compared to age-matched controls (ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison to wild type controls ****p < .0001,; ***p < .001 ; *p < .05) n = 3 brains per genotype. e Quantification of the number of CC3 positive cells within central brain of adult Drosophila pan-neuronally expressing (nSyb-Gal4) DPRs at 28 days post-eclosion. (ANOVA with post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison to wild type controls ****p < .0001; ***p < .001; **p < .01). n is shown on bars