Table 5.
Neuropsychiatric features: comparison between NF1 and TSC individuals based on the TAND Checklist
| mean age (years) Range |
NF1 subjects (n = 42) n (%) |
TSC subjects (n = 42) n (%) |
U | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11.33 ± 4.25 4–20 |
11.36 ± 4.19 4–19 |
880.000 | 0.986 | |
| X2 | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 19 (45.2) | 19 (45.2) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Female | 23 (54.8) | 23 (54.8) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| TAND Features | ||||
| Behavioural level | ||||
| Anxiety | 21 (50.0) | 19 (45.2) | 0.191 | 0.662 |
| Depressed mood | 9 (21.4) | 6 (14.3) | 0.730 | 0.393 |
| Extreme shyness | 7 (16.7) | 8 (19.0) | 0.081 | 0.776 |
| Mood swings | 11 (26.2) | 10 (23.8) | 0.063 | 0.801 |
| Aggressive outbursts | 8 (19.0) | 17 (40.5) | 4.613 | 0.032 |
| Temper tantrums | 16 (38.1) | 23 (54.8) | 2.345 | 0.126 |
| Self-injury | 1 (2.4) | 5 (11.9) | 2.872 | 0.090 |
| Absent or delayedonset of language | 6 (14.3) | 17 (40.5) | 7.244 | 0.007 |
| Repetitive language | 4 (9.5) | 11 (26.2) | 3.977 | 0.046 |
| Poor eye contact | 2 (4.8) | 8 (19.0) | 4.086 | 0.043 |
| Difficult relationship with peers | 6 (14.3) | 12 (28.6) | 2.545 | 0.111 |
| Repetitive behaviors | 3 (7.1) | 15 (35.7) | 10.182 | 0.001 |
| Rigidity | 11 (26.2) | 13 (31.0) | 0233 | 0.629 |
| Overactivity/hyperactivity | 16 (38.1) | 17 (40.5) | 0.050 | 0.823 |
| Difficulty paying attention or concentrating | 25 (59.5) | 26 (61.9) | 0.050 | 0.823 |
| Restlessness | 8 (19.0) | 10 (23.8) | 0.283 | 0.595 |
| Impulsivity | 22 (52.4) | 23 (54.8) | 0.048 | 0.827 |
| Difficulties with eating | 13 (31.0) | 13 (31.0) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Sleep difficulties | 12 (28.6) | 13 (31.0) | 0.057 | 0.811 |
| Scholastic level | ||||
| Reading | 14 (33.3) | 21 (50.0) | 2.400 | 0.301 |
| Writing | 19 (45.2) | 23 (54.8) | 0.781 | 0.677 |
| Spelling | 17 (40.5) | 19 (45.2) | 0.194 | 0.659 |
| Mathematics | 20 (47.6) | 26 (61.9) | 1.732 | 0.421 |
| Neuropsychological level | ||||
| Memory | 12 (28.6) | 11 (26.2) | 0.060 | 0.807 |
| Attention | 25 (59.5) | 26 (61.9) | 0.050 | 0.823 |
| Dual-tasking | 16 (38.1) | 24 (57.1) | 3.055 | 0.081 |
| Visuo-spatial tasks | 4 (9.5) | 8 (19.0) | 1.556 | 0.212 |
| Executive skills | 16 (38.1) | 21 (50.0) | 1.208 | 0.272 |
| Getting disoriented | 4 (9.5) | 12 (28.6) | 4.941 | 0.026 |
| Psychosocial level | ||||
| Low self-esteem | 15 (35.7) | 11 (26.2) | 0.891 | 0.345 |
| Very high levels of stress in families | 14 (33.3) | 16 (38.1) | 0.207 | 0.649 |
| Very high levels of stress between parents | 8 (19.0) | 18 (42.9) | 5.570 | 0.018 |