Table 6.

Changes in stimulated cytokine production during exercise and recovery following caffeine supplementation

	Pre-exercise	Post-exercise	Recovery	Main effect p-values (T; C; TxC)
IL-10 (pg·10³ monocytes^− 1)
Placebo	1.11 ± 0.59	1.28 ± 0.66	1.36 ± 0.88	0.493; 0.644; 0.067
Caffeine	1.30 ± 0.79	1.43 ± 0.87	1.16 ± 0.67	0.493; 0.644; 0.067
IL-6 (pg·10³ monocytes^− 1)
Placebo	242 ± 164	304 ± 224	310 ± 275	0.148; 0.744; 0.991
Caffeine	251 ± 152	312 ± 227	323 ± 251	0.148; 0.744; 0.991
TNF-α (pg·10³ monocytes^− 1)
Placebo	13.1 ± 6.4	13.3 ± 6.2	13.7 ± 10.8	0.493; 0.255; 0.217
Caffeine	14.5 ± 7.0	10.8 ± 5.8	11.1 ± 6.1	0.493; 0.255; 0.217
IL-1ra (pg·10⁶ monocytes^− 1)
Placebo	16.9 ± 12.8	21.7 ± 12.2	41.7 ± 32.4	0.002 ^a,b; 0.458; 0.794
Caffeine	19.7 ± 9.4	24.2 ± 10.8	42.6 ± 28.4	0.002 ^a,b; 0.458; 0.794
IL-8 (pg·10³ monocytes^− 1)
Placebo	17.6 ± 6.5	22.4 ± 11.6	20.1 ± 12.3	0.343; 0.312; 0.522
Caffeine	19.3 ± 7.3	20.3 ± 10.3	14.5 ± 8.9	0.343; 0.312; 0.522

The values are the mean ± S.D. (n = 13)

T time (pre-exercise, post-exercise, recovery), C condition (placebo, caffeine), TxC interaction time x condition. Main effect for time

^aindicates significant differences recovery vs. pre-exercise

^bindicates significant differences recovery vs. post-exercise