Fig. 1.

Stylized facts.

Notes: Panel (a) shows total expenditure, panel (b) average unit price, panel (c) shows the share of transactions that involve a price or quantity promotion and panel (d) shows the number of unique UPCs purchased, in each of the first 20 weeks of the year. Panel (b) conditions on UPCs purchased in all weeks (which account for around 77% of total expenditure). In each case the line is normalized by the mean value in the first four weeks. The red vertical line denotes the first week of lockdown. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)