Table 4.
Components of community health worker (CHW) visits and services by country
| Cambodia | Kenya | Zambia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reported CHW Services | I N = 1261 |
C N = 1776 |
p value | I N = 1590 |
C N = 1215 |
p value | I N = 634 |
C N = 537 |
p value |
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||||
| CHW visited during last pregnancy | 896 (71.8) | 613 (35) | < 0.001 | 864 (55.1) | 367 (31) | < 0.001 | 157 (24.8) | 59 (11) | < 0.001 |
| Mean Number of CHW visits | 2.4 | 2.5 | 0.081 | 3.5 | 2.9 | < 0.001 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 0.131 |
| None | 364 (29.2) | 1146 (65.5) | < 0.001 | 769 (49.1) | 835 (70.5) | < 0.001 | 477 (76) | 478 (89.9) | < 0.001 |
| 1–2 visits | 526 (42.1) | 352 (20.1) | < 0.001 | 259 (16.6) | 164 (13.9) | < 0.001 | 76 (12) | 25 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
| 3–4 visits | 321 (25.0) | 202 (11.5) | < 0.001 | 373 (23.8) | 144 (12.2) | < 0.001 | 69 (11) | 22 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
| > 4 visits | 46 (3.7) | 50 (2.9) | < 0.001 | 164 (10.5) | 40 (3.4) | < 0.001 | 6 (1.0) | 7 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| Mean month of 1st CHW visit | 4.6 | 4.1 | < 0.001 | 4.4 | 5.0 | < 0.001 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 0.213 |
| 1st trimester | 295 (33.9) | 277 (46.6) | < 0.001 | 305 (35.4) | 81 (22.1) | < 0.001 | 31 (20.1) | 19 (33.9) | 0.057 |
| 2nd trimester | 422 (48.6) | 233 (39.2) | < 0.001 | 446 (51.6) | 214 (58.3) | 0.032 | 97 (63) | 26 (46.4) | 0.036 |
| 3rd trimester | 152 (17.5) | 85 (14.2) | 0.097 | 112 (13.0) | 72 (19.6) | 0.127 | 26 (16.9) | 11 (19.7) | 0.419 |
| CHW was courteous and respectful | 888 (99.1) | 602 (98.7) | 0.453 | 847 (98.4) | 358 (98.4) | 0.978 | 143 (96.6) | 48 (96) | 0.845 |
| Satisfied with CHW services | 884 (99) | 601 (98.4) | 0.305 | 844 (97.9) | 339 (93.6) | 0.002 | 141 (95.9) | 45 (90) | 0.202 |
| CHW provided counseling during home visits | 843 (94.9) | 418 (69.8) | < 0.001 | 813 (97.7) | 339 (97.4) | 0.762 | 144 (99.3) | 47 (88.7) | 0.020 |
| CHW used counseling aids/ storybooks | 703 (79) | 153 (25.2) | < 0.001 | 766 (89.1) | 259 (71.2) | < 0.001 | 136 (90.1) | 34 (64.2) | < 0.001 |
| CHW discussed pregnancy complications | 692 (77.8) | 339 (55.6) | < 0.001 | 813 (94.4) | 322 (88.7) | 0.002 | 137 (91.3) | 28 (54.9) | < 0.001 |
| CHW provided solutions and recommendations for woman’s concerns | 625 (70.2) | 336 (55.1) | < 0.001 | 801 (93.3) | 317 (87.8) | 0.007 | 136 (90.1) | 34 (69.4) | 0.005 |
| CHW included influential family members in pregnancy-related discussions | 614 (69.6) | 342 (56.6) | < 0.001 | 734 (85.7) | 244 (67.4) | < 0.001 | 138 (91.4) | 29 (56.9) | < 0.001 |
| CHW facilitated woman’s access to ANC | 551 (92.8) | 218 (89) | 0.097 | 711 (95.7) | 270 (92.8) | 0.086 | 82 (54.3) | 22 (84.6) | 0.751 |
| CHW conducted a follow-up visit after referral or visit to a health center | 600 (77.2) | 194 (59.1) | < 0.001 | 429 (90.7) | 260 (89.7) | 0.641 | 68 (72.3) | 17 (48.6) | 0.018 |
I intervention, C comparison