. 2020 Sep 4;20:830. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05690-9

Table 2.

Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for application of surgery

N = 214,601	model 1 (age, sex)				model 2 (Dementia level only)				model 3 (with clinical factors)				model 4 (with hospital factors)
	OR	95% C.I.		P value	OR	95% C.I.		P value	OR	95% C.I.		P value	OR	95% C.I.		P value
Compositional factor
Sex
Male (reference)
Female	1.15	1.12	1.19	< 0.001					1.16	1.12	1.19	< 0.001	1.16	1.12	1.19	< 0.001
Age Group
65–79 (ref.)
80–89	0.87	0.84	0.89	< 0.001					0.87	0.84	0.90	< 0.001	0.87	0.84	0.90	< 0.001
Over 90	0.67	0.64	0.69	< 0.001					0.67	0.65	0.70	< 0.001	0.67	0.65	0.70	< 0.001
Dementia Level^a
No dementia (ref.)
Dementia level 1					0.94	0.91	0.97	< 0.001	1.03	1.00	1.06	0.08	1.03	1.00	1.06	0.06
Dementia level 2					1.06	1.02	1.09	< 0.001	1.20	1.16	1.25	< 0.001	1.21	1.16	1.25	< 0.001
Fx. Type
Femoral neck (ref.)
Trochanteric									0.79	0.77	0.81	< 0.001	0.79	0.77	0.81	< 0.001
Subtrochanteric									0.42	0.38	0.46	< 0.001	0.42	0.38	0.46	< 0.001
Charlson Index
0 (ref.)
1									1.18	1.15	1.22	< 0.001	1.18	1.15	1.22	< 0.001
≥ 2									1.00	0.97	1.03	0.96	1.00	0.97	1.03	0.93
Coma Level^b
Alert (ref.)
Level 1									0.94	0.91	0.98	0.01	0.94	0.90	0.98	0.00
Level 2									0.67	0.56	0.80	< 0.001	0.67	0.56	0.80	< 0.001
Level 3									0.55	0.31	1.00	0.05	0.56	0.31	1.01	0.05
Ambulance Use
No ambulance use (ref.)
Ambulance use									1.37	1.33	1.40	< 0.001	1.36	1.33	1.40	< 0.001
Contextual factor
City level^c
Designated city (ref.)
Pop. ≥150,000													1.04	0.82	1.32	0.76
Pop. 80,000≤, ≤150,000													1.24	0.92	1.67	0.16
Pop. ≤80,000													0.97	0.74	1.26	0.80
Hosp. function^d
Under 200 beds hosp.(ref.)
Over 200 beds hosp.													8.36	6.73	10.40	< 0.001
Regional support hosp.													15.07	11.13	20.42	< 0.001
University & advanced hosp.													10.90	7.05	16.83	< 0.001
Macro-level variance (S.E.)
between hospitals (n = 1328)	4.18	(0.20)			4.20	(0.20)			4.04	(0.19)			2.83	(0.13)

^aDementia level 1 and 2: represents “degree of independence in daily life for elderly people with dementia” criteria I-II and III-IV/M, respectively. ^bComa level refers to the Japan Coma Scale (JCS) which has four decisive levels of consciousness. ^cDesignated city has population over 500,000 and is designated by order of the Cabinet of Japan under Local Autonomy Law. ^dAdvanced hospitals include 6 national centers for cancer, circulation and global health. Regional support hospital has over 200 beds and meets requirements such as referral rate over 80% for outpatients