Table 4.
Analyses of risk factors for Parkinson Disease in patients with and without Gout
| Predictive variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Gout | 1.36 (1.15–1.60) | <.001 | 1.01 (0.93–1.31) | .268 |
| Age (< 65 = 0, ≥65 = 1) | 8.20 (6.93–9.71) | <.001 | 4.41 (3.61–5.39) | <.001* |
| Sex (Male = 0, Female = 1) | 1.37 (1.16–1.62) | <.001 | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) | .256 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.83 (2.38–3.36) | <.001 | 1.32 (1.08–1.60) | .006* |
| Hypertension | 4.62 (3.90–5.48) | <.001 | 1.85 (1.52–2.27) | <.001* |
| Dyslipidemia | 2.01 (1.69–2.38) | <.001 | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | .281 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4.63 (3.91–5.48) | <.001 | 2.04 (1.69–2.45) | <.001* |
| Chronic lung disease | 2.89 (2.38–3.52) | <.001 | 1.25 (1.02–1.53) | .035* |
| Nephropathy | 2.16 (1.77–2.63) | <.001 | 1.07 (0.86–1.32) | .563 |
| Chronic liver disease | 1.80 (1.53–2.13) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.02–1.47) | .026* |
| Autoimmune disease | 1.66 (1.13–2.42) | .009 | 1.19 (0.81–1.75) | .369 |
| Degree of urbanization | ||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | ||
| Suburban | 1.34 (1.12–1.59) | .001 | 1.11 (0.92–1.33) | .276 |
| Rural | 2.00 (1.57–2.54) | <.001 | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | .033* |
| Income group | ||||
| High income | Reference | Reference | ||
| Medium income | 5.51 (3.59–8.44) | <.001 | 1.90 (1.21–2.99) | .005* |
| Low income | 3.94 (2.60–5.95) | <.001 | 0.98 (1.04–2.47) | .033* |
| No income | 1.30 (0.26–2.54) | .304 | 1.26 (0.76–2.10) | .369 |
HR Indicates hazard ratio, CI Indicates confidence interval; * indicates statistical significance