Fig. 2.

PX-induced transmigration is cell death independent. a Treatment of the BBB model with PX (600 μM, 24 h) increased the permeability to NaF. N = 9 from three independent experiments. Data presented as means of permeability coefficient (cm/s) ± SEM. ***p < 0.001 vs. control. b Medium from the treated luminal side was measured for cell death, using LDH release assay. N = 8-10 from two independent experiments (data obtained from the transmigration experiment presented in C). c Inhibition of caspases attenuated cell death but did not prevent PX-induced transmigration. Caspase-8 inhibitor or caspase-9 inhibitor (both at concentration of 150 μM) were added simultaneously with PX (600 μM, 24 h) to the transmigration assay. Data presented as means normalized to control ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. control and ###p < 0.001 vs. PX