Fig. 3.

Level changes of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) subsets in active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients achieving clinical remission. Active UC patients who achieved clinical remission after the treatment of 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) were followed‐up (n = 12) and the frequencies [within CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)⁻ Tfh] and absolute numbers (per liter) of inducible co‐stimulator (ICOS)⁺ Tfh cells (a), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)⁺ Tfh cells (b) and ICOS⁺PD‐1⁺ Tfh cells (c) before and after treatment were measured and compared. The P‐values are displayed.