Fig. 2.

Glioma‐conditioned medium pretreatment significantly up‐regulated the expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS‐1) in dendritic cells (DCs). (a) Based on the RNA‐Seq results, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for the normal human astrocyte (NHA) medium group versus the tumor‐conditioned medium (TCM) group. The false discovery rate (FDR) was used to correct the P‐value, and the false discovery rate (FDR) < 0·01 was accepted to be significant. (b) Representative scatter‐plot describes 983 significantly different genes for the NHA medium versus the TCM group. A total of 220 down‐regulated genes marked in blue and 763 up‐regulated genes are marked in red. (c) Representative heat‐map of gene expression levels of the NHA medium and TCM groups. (d) Fragments per kilobase million (FPKM) value of SOCS1, retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene‐induced) 3 (RARRES3) and cysteine rich protein 1 (CRIP1) in the NHA medium and TCM groups is shown. (e) MRNA expression levels of RARRES3, CRIP1 and SOCS1 were measured using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). (f) Representative Western blot results of RARRES3, CRIP1 and SOCS1. (g) Relative densities of RARRES3, CRIP1 and SOCS1 were determined by densitometry of the blots; ^*** P < 0·001 versus the NHA medium group.