Table 1.
Characteristics of the HFRS Patientsa
| Characteristics | HFRS Patients n = 88 | Reference Values |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic Data | ||
| Age, years | 52.5 (40.25–63) | NA |
| Sex, n female/male (%) | 54/34 (61.4/38.6) | NA |
| Hospital care, n (%) | 67 (76.1) | NA |
| Days of hospital care | 5 (3–8) | NA |
| Clinical Laboratory Data | ||
| D-dimer (mg/L), max | 1.03 (0.5–1.4) | <0.02 |
| APTT (s−1), max | 31.4 (29.4–34.4) | 24–34 |
| PT/INR, max | 1 (1–1.2) | <1.2 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L), max | 4.96 (4.4–6.2) | 2–3.9 |
| Platelets (×109 L), min | 69.5 (44–90) | 145–387 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L), max | 201.5 (8113.5–375.3) | 45–105 |
| Biomarkers | ||
| EVTF (pg/mL), max | 0.5 (0.1–1) | NA |
| PAI-1 (ng/mL), max | 55.8 (39.4–85.9) | NA |
| tPA (ng/mL), max | 36.2 (25.3–65.5) | NA |
| Anticoagulation/thrombolysis treatment | 11 (12.5%) | NA |
| HFRS Disease Outcome | ||
| Intravascular coagulationb, n (%) | 27 (30.7) | NA |
| -DIC, n (%) | 24 (27.3) | NA |
| -VTE, n (%) | 2 (2.3) | NA |
| -DIC and VTE, n (%) | 1 (1.1%) | NA |
Abbreviations: APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; EVTF, extracellular vesicle tissue factor; HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; PT/INR, prothrombin time converted to international normalized ratio; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; max, maximum; min, minimum; NA, not applicable; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
aThe median and interquartile range of the age, peak, or nadir clinical variables is shown. The peak value is the maximum value obtained within 30 days of disease onset. Reference values are shown.
bIntravascular coagulation is defined as patients with either disseminated intravascular coagulation or venous thromboembolism. One HFRS patient developed their VTE after discharge, and diagnosis was first performed a few days after onset of symptoms; therefore, there were no laboratory data available to score for DIC.