Table 3.
Screening positive for subthreshold PTSD or PTSD on the PCL-5a
| Variable | Subthreshold/threshold PCL-5 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | s.e. | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Sample 1: Previously deployed (n = 175) | ||||
| Combat experiences | ||||
| 1–2b | – | – | – | – |
| 3–4 | 1.09 | 0.85 | 2.98 | 0.64–21.40 |
| 5 or more | 0.73 | 0.87 | 2.07 | 0.44–15.26 |
| Witnessing an ASR | ||||
| No witnessing an ASRc | – | – | – | – |
| Low levels of witnessing an ASR | 0.95 | 0.77 | 2.58 | 0.59–13.60 |
| High levels of witnessing an ASR | 2.16** | 0.73 | 8.69 | 2.29–42.60 |
| Model fit | ||||
| Model χ2 | 10.02** | |||
| Model d.f. | 4 | |||
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.193 | |||
| Sample 2: currently deployed (n = 490) | ||||
| Combat experiences | ||||
| 1–2b | – | – | – | – |
| 3–4 | 0.48 | 0.30 | 1.61 | 0.90–2.90 |
| 5 or more | 0.93** | 0.28 | 2.53 | 1.46–4.43 |
| Witnessing an ASR | ||||
| No witnessing an ASRc | – | – | – | – |
| Low levels of witnessing an ASR | 0.37 | 0.29 | 1.45 | 0.80–2.56 |
| High levels of witnessing an ASR | 0.51 | 0.27 | 1.67 | 0.98–2.81 |
| Model fit | ||||
| Model χ2 | 25.90*** | |||
| Model d.f. | 4 | |||
| Nagelkerke R2 | 0.105 | |||
PCL-5, PTSD Checklist; ASR, acute stress reaction.
a.
Subthreshold PTSD or PTSD included both those scoring above subthreshold and those scoring above threshold for PTSD. The model for sample 1 removed 1 missing cases (0.5%). The model for sample 2 removed 7 missing cases (1.4%).
b.
Combat experience was calculated in terms of frequency of exposure to eight combat experiences in which items were dichotomised and then summed.
c.
Witnessing an ASR was calculated in terms of severity of exposure to a team member exhibiting ASR symptoms in which six items were dichotomised and then summed, with low levels 1–3 and high levels 4–6.
**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.