Table 2.
Distribution of end of life suffering outcomes in the sample and by socio-economic status
| Full sample | China | India | Myanmar†‡ | Sri Lanka | Vietnam† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |
| N | 1378 | 183 | 601 | 194 | 200 | 200 |
| Physical suffering (n = 1321) | 46.3 (22.6) | 32.6 (21.6) | 49.2 (20.8) | 38.7 (20.0) | 52.4 (25.4) | 48.1 (21.0) |
| By economic status of household | ||||||
| Low | 50.9 (22.2) | 45.5 (23.3) | 48.2 (21.9) | 44.1 (18.3) | 65.8 (24.7) | 52.6 (17.5) |
| Middle | 46.4 (21.3) | 33.6 (19.4) | 50.3 (19.2) | 36.6 (19.6) | 47.8 (23.7) | 49.7 (21.4) |
| High | 40.0 (24.0) | 29.8 (22.5) | 47.5 (22.7) | 34.8 (25.5) | 45.5 (24.2) | 40.4 (22.5) |
| By education | ||||||
| Lowest education quintile | 46.3 (21.6) | 33.1 (21.4) | 49.4 (20.2) | 39.2 (19.0) | 55.5 (25.7) | 46.9 (19.8) |
| Highest education quintile | 43.3 (23.2) | 33.8 (27.1) | 43.8 (21.6) | 33.7 (23.6) | 52.3 (25.9) | 48.5 (20.9) |
| Functional suffering (n = 1322) | 51.9 (22.2) | 39.5 (22.0) | 58.7 (21.7) | 56.2 (17.7) | 49.2 (19.0) | 43.4 (20.8) |
| By economic status of household | ||||||
| Low | 58.9 (20.6) | 49.8 (25.1) | 62.8 (21.0) | 60.7 (17.4) | 60.3 (17.4) | 46.8 (17.6) |
| Middle | 50.9 (20.8) | 42.5 (20.7) | 55.4 (21.2) | 55.5 (16.8) | 46.9 (17.7) | 45.1 (21.4) |
| High | 45.2 (24.6) | 35.2 (21.8) | 59.7 (23.2) | 46.0 (21.1) | 37.9 (17.3) | 36.8 (22.4) |
| By education | ||||||
| Lowest education quintile | 57.4 (20.5) | 39.0 (21.2) | 64.6 (17.2) | 57.6 (17.6) | 54.8 (16.6) | 44.0 (21.4) |
| Highest education quintile | 48.0 (22.5) | 39.9 (21.2) | 51.5 (22.7) | 52.9 (21.6) | 43.8 (18.2) | 41.7 (23.5) |
| Pain severity (n = 1183) | 28.9 (23.7) | 15.1 (19.1) | 33.2 (20.4) | 25.3 (25.6) | 34.7 (26.4) | 30.2 (23.4) |
| By economic status of household | ||||||
| Low | 33.4 (22.8) | 26.3 (19.5) | 31.6 (20.7) | 30.2 (25.3) | 41.3 (26.3) | 35.7 (21.4) |
| Middle | 28.5 (23.7) | 15.2 (19.3) | 33.1 (19.1) | 24.0 (27.0) | 31.3 (26.6) | 31.7 (23.5) |
| High | 24.1 (23.7) | 13.3 (18.5) | 36.0 (22.3) | 16.8 (23.7) | 35.7 (24.7) | 21.3 (23.4) |
| By education | ||||||
| Lowest education quintile | 29.4 (22.7) | 15.7 (18.5) | 33.3 (19.3) | 25.8 (25.9) | 31.1 (25.4) | 33.7 (25.3) |
| Highest education quintile | 26.2 (24.1) | 13.4 (21.0) | 31.5 (20.2) | 18.0 (26.2) | 28.7 (28.8) | 29.6 (25.7) |
| Psychological suffering (n = 990) | 36.3 (19.9) | 19.5 (16.4) | 40.5 (18.0) | – | 39.0 (20.7) | – |
| By economic status of household | ||||||
| Low | 46.2 (21.1) | 26.0 (17.6) | 45.8 (20.0) | – | 53.5 (22.1) | – |
| Middle | 34.8 (17.7) | 21.5 (17.1) | 38.2 (16.3) | 34.9 (17.7) | ||
| High | 27.6 (17.9) | 17.0 (15.4) | 36.0 (15.9) | 28.7 (14.9) | ||
| By education | ||||||
| Lowest education quintile | 37.8 (19.7) | 18.2 (15.4) | 41.1 (17.6) | – | 44.9 (20.8) | – |
| Highest education quintile | 33.5 (17.1) | 22.9 (15.7) | 35.3 (16.6) | 36.3 (17.4) | ||
| Social suffering (n = 1322) | 31.6 (19.7) | 23.1 (15.7) | 38.4 (20.4) | 33.7 (15.0) | 27.0 (19.5) | 22.8 (16.2) |
| By economic status of household | ||||||
| Low | 36.4 (19.6) | 28.8 (13.4) | 40.4 (20.3) | 37.5 (16.5) | 36.9 (20.3) | 25.0 (16.6) |
| Middle | 29.4 (19.1) | 22.6 (16.1) | 34.9 (19.8) | 32.8 (14.2) | 23.7 (17.8) | 21.9 (17.6) |
| High | 29.9 (19.9) | 22.5 (15.7) | 43.7 (20.5) | 28.3 (14.2) | 21.2 (18.3) | 21.7 (13.1) |
| By education | ||||||
| Lowest education quintile | 34.9 (19.3) | 23.6 (16.8) | 40.7 (18.3) | 34.2 (16.5) | 32.1 (19.8) | 22.1 (17.8) |
| Highest education quintile | 30.9 (18.9) | 27.5 (19.2) | 35.0 (19.3) | 34.3 (13.8) | 24.1 (19.8) | 20.3 (13.0) |
| Spiritual suffering (n = 1191) | 36.8 (19.9) | 25.0 (18.6) | 39.3 (18.3) | – | 43.6 (23.1) | 33.3 (17.7) |
| By economic status of household | ||||||
| Low | 44.6 (20.3) | 32.8 (22.5) | 44.0 (17.5) | – | 60.5 (23.4) | 35.9 (17.7) |
| Middle | 34.4 (18.3) | 26.5 (17.5) | 34.7 (17.5) | 39.3 (17.8) | 34.0 (17.8) | |
| High | 32.3 (20.1) | 22.8 (18.4) | 42.7 (19.0) | 29.3 (17.4) | 29.2 (17.1) | |
| By education | ||||||
| Lowest education quintile | 38.8 (19.9) | 23.9 (17.0) | 40.5 (18.4) | – | 52.9 (21.9) | 35.9 (18.1) |
| Highest education quintile | 32.8 (17.2) | 29.0 (17.9) | 34.9 (16.9) | 30.8 (19.2) | 29.6 (15.6) | |