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. 2020 Sep 10;12:106. doi: 10.1186/s13195-020-00675-6

Table 5.

Exploratory univariable analyses for the association between extracranial carotid and intracranial arterial stenosis and AD biomarkers in the CI group

AD biomarker Variables Presence of any detectable stenosis
Any extracranial carotid stenosis Any intracranial stenosis
Stenosis− Stenosis+ p value da Stenosis− Stenosis+ p value d
Aβ biomarker Global Aβ 1.627 ± 0.530 1.609 ± 0.412 0.857 0.334 1.648 ± 0.539 1.573 ± 0.472 0.304 0.147
Neurodegeneration biomarker AD-CT 2.600 ± 0.284 2.518 ± 0.260 0.205 0.288 2.596 ± 0.311 2.561 ± 0.234 0.376 0.121
HVa − 2064 ± 1225 − 2396 ± 947 0.146 0.277 − 2004 ± 1262 − 2362 ± 1109 0.047* 0.296
Presence of stenosis based on severity threshold
≥ 50% intracranial stenosisb Number of stenotic intracranial arteries ≥ 2c
Stenosis− Stenosis+ p value d Stenosis− Stenosis+ p value d
Aβ biomarker Global Aβ 1.646 ± 0.522 1.415 ± 0.411 0.052 0.451 1.640 ± 0.536 1.544 ± 0.414 0.234 0.185
Neurodegeneration biomarker AD-CT 2.584 ± 0.290 2.579 ± 0.254 0.940 0.017 2.598 ± 0.292 2.521 ± 0.252 0.136 0.270
HVa − 2087 ± 1202 − 2515 ± 1327 0.128 0.352 − 2021 ± 1227 − 2602 ± 1080 0.008* 0.484
Presence of stenosis according to location
Anterior circulation Posterior circulation
Stenosis− Stenosis+ p value d Stenosis− Stenosis+ p value d
Aβ biomarker Global Aβ 1.667 ± 0.535 1.519 ± 0.456 0.049* 0.288 1.623 ± 0.519 1.605 ± 0.498 0.878 0.035
Neurodegeneration biomarker AD-CT 2.585 ± 0.309 2.580 ± 0.224 0.902 0.017 2.589 ± 0.289 2.540 ± 0.257 0.459 0.171
HVa − 2047 ± 1244 − 2323 ± 1147 0.142 0.227 − 2100 ± 1217 − 2400 ± 1236 0.287 0.246

Data for continuous variables presented as means ± SD (SUVR for global Aβ, mm for AD-CT, and mm3 for HVa)

CI cognitively impaired, SUVR standardized uptake value ratio, AD-CT Alzheimer’s disease-signature cortical thickness, HVa hippocampal volume adjusted for intracranial volume

ad indicates Cohen’s delta

b“Stenosis−” group of “≥50% intracranial stenosis” means individuals with no stenosis or < 50% intracranial stenosis

c“Stenosis−” group of “number of stenotic intracranial arteries ≥ 2” means patients with no stenosis or only one stenotic intracranial artery

*p < 0.05