Table 2.

Exosomal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells and different pathological conditions

Disease	MicroRNA	Source (type of MSCs)	Target	Function	Model (In vitro, in vivo, human)	Ref
Intervertebral disc degeneration	miR-21	Human bone marrow	TNF-α	Apoptosis	In vivo, Rat	[122]
Stroke	miR-133b	Rat bone marrow	b-III-tubulin (TuJ1), phosphorylated NF-H RhoA	Cell shape, polarity and locomotion	In vivo, Rat	[123]
Stroke	miR-17-92 cluster	Rat bone marrow	PTEN	Tumor suppression	In vivo, Rat	[125]
Stroke	miR-133b	Rat bone marrow	Connective tissue growth factor and RhoA	Cell adhesion & migration. GTPase, actin stress	In vivo, Rat	[126]
Breast cancer and Osteosarcoma	miR-21 andmiR-34a	Human bone marrow	–	Increased angiogenesis & tumor growth	In-vivo, mice	[82]
Breast cancer	miR-23b	Human bone marrow	MARCKS	Cell cycling and motility	In vitro	[130]
Breast cancer	miR-100	Human bone marrow	Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)	Angiogenesis	In vitro	[131]
Glioblastoma	miR-146b	Rat	EGFR	Cell proliferation and cell survival.	In vivo, Rat	[132]
Glioma	miR-584-5p	Human	CYP2J2	Arachidonic acid and drug metabolism	In vivo, Mice	[92]
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) -induced AKI	miR-15a, miR-15b and miR-16	Human umbilical cord	CX3CL1	Function as chemokine ligand	In vivo, Rat	[141]
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) -induced AKI	miR-30	Human WJMSCs	DRP1	Mitochondrial and peroxisomal division	In vivo, Rat	[142]
Kidney fibrosis and injery	miR-let7	Human Bone marrow	TGF-β receptor 1	Cell proliferation and apoptosis control	In vivo, Mice	[143]
Myocardial infarction	miR29, miR24miR34, miR130, miR378	Rat Bone marrow	PI3k-Akt and mTOR pathways	Cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation	In vivo, Rat	[144]
Myocardial infarction	miR-22	Ischemic Preconditioned Mice bone marrow	Mecp2, methyl CpG binding protein 2	Apoptosis	In vivo, mice	[148]
Myocardial infarction	miR-19a	Rat Bone marrow	PTEN	Tumor suppression,	In vivo, Rat	[149]
Myocardial infarction	miR-132	Mice bone marrow	RASA1	Cell proliferation and growth	In vivo, mice	[40]
Liver fibrosis	miR-181-5p	Mice adipose	Bcl2 and stat3	Apoptosis and autophagy	In vivo, mice	[151]
Hepatocellular carcinoma	miR-122	Human adipose	Cyclin G1 and IGF 1R	Cell cycle and growth	In vitro, and In vivo, mice	[152]
Autoimmune hepatitis	miR-223	Mice bone marrow	NLRP3	Cryopyrin production	In vivo, mice	[137]
Liver fibrosis	miR-122	Mice and human bone marrow	Cyclin G1, IGF 1R and P4HA1	Cell cycle and proliferation Collagen and related protein synthesis	In vitro, and In vivo, mice	[153]
Cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury	miR-494	Human bone marrow	–	Induce muscle regeneration via increased angiogenesis and myogenesis	In vivo, In vitro	[87]
Middle cerebral artery occlusion	miR-133b	Rat bone marrow	–	Modulate neurite outgrowth	In vivo, In vitro	[113]
Osteoarthritis	miR-92a-3p	MSCs	WNT5A	Enhanced production of cartilage and homeostasis	In vivo	[158]
Osteoarthritis	miR-320c	hBMSCs	MMP13	–	In vivo	[159]
Osteoarthritis	miR-140-5p	SMSC		Enhanced proliferation and migration of articular chondrocytes	In vitro	[160]