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. 2020 Sep 10;13:465. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04342-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Conserved unpaired cysteine residue in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of disease vectors for selective insecticide design. The sequences shown are from Drosophila melanogaster (DROME), Tetronarce californica (TETCF), Mus musculus (MOUSE), Homo sapiens (HUMAN), Bos taurus (BOVIN), Rattus norvegicus (RAT), Caenorhabditis elegans (CAEEL), Anopheles stephensi (ANOST), An. gambiae (ANOGA), Culex pipiens (CULPI), An. sinensis (ANOSI), Aedes aegypti (AEDAE). The name of each organism starts with its UniProt accession number. The black arrow points to the position of the conserved unpaired cysteine residue. The unpaired cysteine residue is conserved in disease vectors (4–7). This residue is substituted by a leucine residue in An. stephensi and Drosophila AChE (1–2), phenylalanine residues in mammals, fish and bird AChE (8–13), and a glycine residue in nematode AChE (3). This unpaired cysteine could be targeted for the development of more selective and specific insecticides. * indicates positions that have single and conserved amino acid residues; : indicates conservation between amino acid residues of strongly similar properties; . indicates conservation between amino acid residues of weakly similar properties