Table 3.
Efficacy of pyrethoids and synergist mixture in insecticide treated nets
| Reference | Mosquito strain & (location) | Pyrethroid resistance intensity | Insecticide treated net (ITNs) | Mortality at 72 h# (%) | Blood-feeding inhibition# (%) | Personal protection### (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyrethroid | Pyrethroid + PBO | Untreated nets | Pyrethroid | Pyrethroid + PBO | Pyrethroid | Pyrethroid + PBO | Pyrethroid | Pyrethroid + PBO | |||||
| Unwashed | Washed 20 times | Unwashed | Washed 20 times | ||||||||||
| Menze et al. [238] | An. funestus (Mibellon, Cameroon) | Mortality rates of around 48.88 ± 5.76% for permethrin and around 38.34 ± 5.79% for deltamethrin [270] | Olyset | Olyset Plus | 5.4a | 9.7a | nd | 25.1 | nd | 62.37b | 55.63b | 83.01d | 77.35d |
| PermaNet 2.0 | PermaNet 3.0 | 12.2 | nd | 30.1 | nd | 51.36 | 61.52 | 70.44c | 84.90c | ||||
| Oumbouke et al. [239] | An. gambiae (s.s.) (Côte d’Ivoire) | Mortality rates of 68% for alpha-cypermethrin | MAGNet® | VEERALIN® | 2.3 | 29 | 17.3 | 51 | 38.2 | 35.5 | 62.7 | 69 | 87.1 |
| Toe et al. [271] | Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) (Burkina Faso) | Mortality rates of < 14% for permethrin and < 33% for deltamethrin | PermaNet 2.0 | PermaNet 3.0 | 9.5 | 25.9 | nd | 46.1 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Olyset | Olyset Plus | 21.8 | nd | 36.9 | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | ||||
| Pennetier et al. [237] | An. gambiae (s.l.) (Malanville, Benin) | Olyset | Olyset Plus | 0 | 42a | 36a | 81b | 67b | 82 | 83 | nd | nd | |
| Corbel et al. [235] | An. gambiae (s.s.) (Vallée du Kou, Burkina Faso) | 23% mortality to deltamethrin L1014F kdr mutation (> 80%) | PermaNet 2.0 | PermaNet 3.0 | 4.9 | 44.4a | 30.2 | 78.2 | 49.3a | 53.4 | 72.6 | 83 | 86 |
| (Malanville, Benin) | 85% mortality to deltamethrin. 16% L1014F kdr mutation Metabolic resistance (oxidase) | 4.2 | 88.8 | 70.7a | 96.7 | 70.0a | 90.1 | 98.7 | 91.6 | 99.1 | |||
| (Pitoa, Cameroon) | 70% mortality to deltamethrin. < 5% L1014F kdr mutation. Metabolic resistance (oxidase + esterase) | 12.9 | 82.9a | 56.5 | 93.8 | 77.9a | 70.8 | 46.1 | 92.3 | 80.4 | |||
Abbreviations: nd, not determined in the study; PBO, piperonyl butoxide. For each column (#, ##, and ###), where provided, numbers in the same row (from the same study) sharing a letter superscript do not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The insecticide contained in each ITN are as follows: Olyset contains Permethrin; Olyset Plus contains Permethrin + PBO; PermaNet 2.0 contains Deltamethrin; PermaNet 3.0 contains Deltamethrin + PBO; MAGNet® contains Alpha-cypermethrin; VEERALIN® contains Alpha-cypermethrin + PBO