Table 2.
Infusion volume, electrolyte and glucose abnormalities, acute kidney injury, and other outcomes
| Total (N = 844) | D5W (n = 365) | Saline (n = 479) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observation period, days | 3.99 (2.87–6.80) | 3.89 (2.88–6.44) | 4.13 (2.86–7.00) | 0.233 |
| Continuous infusion | ||||
| Saline, mL | 4 (0–145) | 0 (0–126) | 27 (0–164) | 0.009 |
| D5W, mL | 254 (50–608) | 257 (68–557) | 253 (42–634) | 0.851 |
| Other crystalloids, mL | 2492 (1506–3586) | 2525 (1658–3620) | 2430 (1359–3568) | 0.427 |
| Intermittent infusion | ||||
| Saline, mL | 650 (150–1326) | 150 (0–450) | 1000 (650–1750) | < 0.001 |
| D5W, mL | 387 (0–916) | 800 (535–1365) | 0 (0–250) | < 0.001 |
| Other crystalloids, mL | 0 (0–500) | 0 (0–500) | 0 (0–500) | 0.336 |
| Total infusion, mL | 4845 (3443–6,762) | 4697 (3475–6502) | 4883 (3381–6988) | 0.541 |
| Saline, mL | 795 (250–1759) | 207 (50–700) | 1150 (700–2050) | < 0.001 |
| D5W, mL | 770 (312–1493) | 1220 (752–1896) | 418 (170–1003) | < 0.001 |
| Other crystalloids, mL | 2802 (1702–3988) | 2850 (1894–3896) | 2759 (1513–4036) | 0.423 |
| Hyperglycemiaa | 374/655 (57.1) | 161/285 (56.5) | 213/370 (57.6) | 0.811 |
| Hypernatremiab | 160/735 (21.8) | 47/321 (14.6) | 113/414 (27.3) | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose SD, mg/dLc | 22 (17–30) | 21 (16–29) | 23 (17–30) | 0.235 |
| Hypoglycemiad | 88/833 (10.6) | 29/359 (8.1) | 59/474 (12.0) | 0.053 |
| Hyponatremiae | 95/723 (13.1) | 44/313 (14.1) | 51/410 (12.4) | 0.579 |
| Hyperchloremiaf | 160/533 (30.0) | 45/221 (20.4) | 115/312 (36.9) | < 0.001 |
| AKI diagnosisg | 377/639 (59.0) | 165/283 (58.3) | 212/356 (59.5) | 0.808 |
| AKI maximum stageg | 0.826 | |||
| Stage 1 | 204 (54.1) | 85 (51.5) | 119 (56.1) | |
| Stage 2 | 132 (35.0) | 61 (37.0) | 71 (33.5) | |
| Stage 3 | 41 (10.9) | 19 (11.6) | 22 (10.4) | |
| RRT requirementg | 20 (3.1) | 6 (2.1) | 14 (3.9) | 0.254 |
| ICU LOS, days | 4.0 (2.9–6.8) | 3.9 (2.9–6.4) | 4.1 (2.9–7.3) | 0.269 |
| Hospital LOS, days | 38 (23–62) | 40 (24–62) | 37 (23–62) | 0.497 |
| ICU mortality | 50 (5.9) | 24 (6.6) | 26 (5.4) | 0.557 |
| Hospital mortality | 125 (14.8) | 56 (15.3) | 69 (14.4) | 0.769 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%)
AKI acute kidney injury, D5W dextrose 5% in water, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, RRT renal replacement therapy, SD standard deviation
aPatients with baseline blood glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL were excluded (189 patients)
bPatients with baseline sodium ≥ 145 mmol/L were excluded (109 patients)
cPatients with blood glucose < 70 mg/dL or ≥ 180 mg/dL were excluded (200 patients)
dPatients with baseline blood glucose < 70 mg/dL were excluded (11 patients)
ePatients with baseline sodium < 135 mmol/L were excluded (121 patients)
fPatients with baseline chloride ≥ 110 mmol/L were excluded (311 patients)
gPatients who received a diagnosis of AKI at ICU admission were excluded (205 patients)