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. 2020 Sep 11;11:393. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01914-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Expression of key marker genes at each stage of the hepatocyte differentiation. a Definitive endoderm markers. b Hepatic progenitor markers. c Hepatocyte markers. Left panel, heat maps. The expression data are the average of three replicates in log2 scale and color-coded as shown in the scheme at the top. Right panel, bar graphs. The expression values are relative to the starting induced pluripotent stem cells (average = 1). DE_SM, definitive endoderm derived using small molecules; DE_GF, definitive endoderm derived using growth factors; HP_SM, hepatic progenitor derived using small molecules; HP_GF, hepatic progenitor derived using growth factors; HLC_SM_D17, hepatocyte-like cells derived using small molecules at day 17; HLC_SM_D24, hepatocyte-like cells derived using small molecules at day 24; HLC_GF, hepatocyte-like cells derived using growth factors