Table 1.
Baseline sociodemographic, clinical, geriatric, and psychosocial characteristics of study participants overall and by self-rated health
| Characteristics | Overall Analytic Sample (n = 1235) |
Excellent/ Very Good Self-Rated Health (n = 491) |
Good Self-Rated Health (n = 540) |
Fair/Poor Self-Rated Health (n = 204) |
P-value for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic | |||||
| Age (mean, yrs. (sd)) | 75.5 (7.1) | 75.6 (7.1) | 75.5 (7.0) | 75.0 (7.2) | 0.85 |
| Age categories (%) | |||||
| 65–74 years | 50.5 | 50.1 | 50.6 | 51.0 | 0.73 |
| 75–84 years | 36.4 | 36.5 | 36.1 | 37.2 | |
| ≥ 85 years | 13.1 | 13.4 | 13.3 | 11.8 | |
| Women (%) | 48.7 | 45.6 | 50.4 | 51.5 | 0.10 |
| Race/Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| White | 86.3 | 92.4 | 86.8 | 70.1 | < 0.001 |
| Non-White | 13.7 | 7.6 | 13.2 | 29.9 | |
| Married (%) | 56.7 | 62.3 | 54.4 | 49.2 | < 0.01 |
| Education | |||||
| ≤ high school | 37.5 | 28.2 | 40.6 | 52.3 | < 0.001 |
| Some college | 19.3 | 17.0 | 21.4 | 19.3 | |
| College graduate | 43.2 | 54.8 | 38.0 | 28.4 | |
| Clinical | |||||
| AF Type (%) | |||||
| Paroxysmal | 66.4 | 70.6 | 62.5 | 66.8 | 0.18 |
| Persistent | 15.1 | 12.4 | 16.9 | 16.6 | |
| Permanent | 18.5 | 17.0 | 20.6 | 16.6 | |
| Ablation Therapy (%) | 30.7 | 28.3 | 31.8 | 33.3 | 0.14 |
| Symptoms of AF in past 4 weeks (%) | 29.6 | 25.9 | 31.2 | 34.2 | 0.02 |
| Anticoagulation therapy (%) | |||||
| DOAC | 37.5 | 36.5 | 38.5 | 37.3 | 0.30 |
| Warfarin | 48.2 | 46.8 | 49.1 | 49.0 | |
| None | 14.3 | 16.7 | 12.4 | 13.7 | |
| Polypharmacy (≥5 medications) (%) | 28.4 | 22.4 | 28.5 | 42.6 | < 0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc > 2 (%) | 89.1 | 84.1 | 90.6 | 97.1 | < 0.001 |
| HASBLED ≥3 (%) | 74.1 | 69.6 | 75.9 | 79.9 | < 0.01 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, (mean, SD) | 6.0 (2.6) | 5.5 (2.3) | 6.1 (2.5) | 7.2 (2.9) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index, categories (%) | |||||
| 1–2 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 3.3 | 2.0 | < 0.001 |
| 3–4 | 26.3 | 31.0 | 26.1 | 15.7 | |
| ≥ 5 | 68.8 | 61.1 | 70.6 | 82.4 | |
| Psychosocial and Geriatric | |||||
| Low social support (%) | 26.6 | 21.0 | 28.7 | 34.3 | < 0.001 |
| Cognitive impairment (%) | 35.9 | 29.6 | 36.7 | 49.0 | < 0.001 |
| Hearing impairment (%) | 36.2 | 33.6 | 35.2 | 45.1 | 0.01 |
| Visual impairment (%) | 34.2 | 17.3 | 38.3 | 64.2 | < 0.001 |
| Frailty (%) | |||||
| Not Frail | 33.4 | 47.4 | 28.7 | 12.2 | < 0.001 |
| Pre-Frail | 52.8 | 49.2 | 56.7 | 51.0 | |
| Frail | 13.8 | 3.3 | 14.6 | 36.8 | |
| Independent functioning (IADLs) (Mean, SD) | 6.7 (0.8) | 6.9 (0.6) | 6.7 (0.8) | 6.5 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
| Health behaviors | |||||
| Alcohol use (%) | 54.9 | 65.8 | 51.7 | 37.4 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status (%) | |||||
| Never smoker | 46.7 | 52.1 | 43.7 | 41.6 | < 0.01 |
| Former smoker | 50.1 | 45.7 | 52.9 | 53.5 | |
| Current Smoker | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 4.9 | |
Abbreviations: DOAC Direct Oral Anticoagulant, CHA2DS2-VASc Stroke risk assessment (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age (≥ 65 = 1 point, ≥ 75 = 2 points), Diabetes, and prior Stroke/TIA (2 points), Vascular disease (peripheral arterial disease, previous MI, aortic atheroma) and female gender); HASBLED: Determines 1-year risk of major bleeding (Hypertension, Abnormal renal and liver function, prior Stroke, prior Bleeding, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs or alcohol that increase risk of bleeding); IADLs: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (score ranging from 0 to 7)