Table 1.
Characteristics of frail, pre-frail and robust individuals aged ≥60 years across categories of SARS-CoV-2 serological status (univariate analyses).
| Frail (n = 60) |
Pre-frail (n = 76) |
Robust (183) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 27) | SARS-CoV-2 negative (n = 33) | p value | SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 38) | SARS-CoV-2 negative (n = 38) | p value | SARS-CoV-2 positive (n = 76) | SARS-CoV-2 negative (n = 107) | p value | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 74 ± 8.4 | 78.8 ± 9.2 | 0.041⁎ | 71.5 ± 7 | 70.7 ± 9.4 | 0.675 | 67.9 ± 5.7 | 68.8 ± 5.9 | 0.304 |
| Female, n (%) | 25 (93) | 28 (85) | 0.353 | 25 (66) | 28 (74) | 0.454 | 34 (45) | 48 (45) | 0.987 |
| Primary school education, n (%) | 26 (96) | 26 (79) | 0.047⁎ | 31 (82) | 28 (74) | 0.409 | 55 (72) | 73 (68) | 0.547 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 0 | 0 | … | 1 (3) | 0 | … | 4 (5) | 7 (6) | 0.719 |
| Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 11 (41) | 8 (24) | 0.172 | 10 (26) | 10 (26) | 1.000 | 13 (17) | 21 (20) | 0.666 |
| Poor physical activity, n (%) | 2 (7) | 9 (27) | 0.048⁎ | 2 (5) | 3 (8) | 0.644 | 1 (1) | 4 (4) | 0.322 |
| Poor diet, n (%) | 2 (7) | 0 | … | 0 | 2 (5) | … | 2 (3) | 7 (6) | 0.228 |
| Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, n (%) | 16 (59) | 19 (58) | 0.895 | 16 (42) | 19 (50) | 0.489 | 24 (32) | 41 (38) | 0.348 |
| Fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, n (%) | 12 (44) | 10 (30) | 0.258 | 14 (37) | 10 (26) | 0.324 | 18 (24) | 28 (26) | 0.703 |
| Total cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL, n (%) | 7 (26) | 3 (9) | 0.081 | 11 (29) | 4 (11) | 0.044⁎ | 9 (12) | 11 (10) | 0.739 |
| SARS-CoV-2 related symptoms, n (%) | 16 (59) | 7 (21) | 0.003⁎ | 30 (79) | 4 (11) | <0.001⁎ | 64 (84) | 9 (8) | <0.001⁎ |
⁎
Statistically significant result.