Table 2.
Numbers of misdiagnosis in relation to demographic profiles of patients with prolonged DOC in different diagnosis settings
| Clinical consensus | Single assessment | Repeated assessment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UWS, n | MCS, n | MCS, n (%) a | EMCS, n (%) b | MCS, n (%) a | EMCS, n (%) b | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 65 | 32 | 18 (27.7) | 4 (12.5) | 28 (43.1) | 4 (12.5) |
| Female | 24 | 16 | 4 (16.7) | 3(18.8) | 6 (25) | 4 (25) |
| p value | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||
| Etiology | ||||||
| TBI | 44 | 25 | 11 (25) | 4 (16) | 17 (38.6) | 5 (20) |
| CVA | 38 | 23 | 11 (28.9) | 3 (13.0) | 17 43.6) | 3 (13.0) |
| ABI | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| p value | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 16–44 | 27 | 10 | 6 (22.2) | 1 (10) | 11 (41) | 1 (10) |
| 45–59 | 37 | 20 | 12 (32.4) | 4 (20) | 16 (43.2) | 5 (25) |
| ≥ 60 | 25 | 18 | 4 (16) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (28) | 2 (11.1) |
| p value | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||
| Time post-onset | ||||||
| Permanent | 27 | 17 | 6 (22.2) | 1 (5.9) | 9 (33.3) | 1 (5.9) |
| Non-permanent | 62 | 31 | 16 (25.8) | 6 (19.4) | 25 (40.3) | 7 (22.6) |
| p value | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||
| Total | 89 | 48 | 22 (24.7) | 7 (14.6) | 34 (38.2) | 8 (16.7) |
aNumbers of MCS patients were misdiagnosed as UWS; bNumbers of EMCS patients were misdiagnosed as MCS
DOC Disorders of consciousness, UWS Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, MCS Minimally conscious state, EMCS Emergence from minimally conscious state, TBI Traumatic brain injury, CVA Cerebrovascular accident, ABI Anoxic brain injury, χ2 Chi-square, n numbers