Table 4.
Effect of intervention on observed toilet characteristics
| Item | Control | Intervention | PD, % | 95% CI | APD% | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |||||
| Latrine use for other purpose | 1214 | 9.6 | 1278 | 6.3 | −3.3 | −6.4/− 0.2 | −2.6 | −5.6/ -0.4 |
| Clogging of squatting pan | 1214 | 15.0 | 1278 | 10.6 | −4.2 | −8.4/0.0 | −3.2 | −7.4/ 1.0 |
| Availability of water container | 1214 | 84.9 | 1278 | 89.1 | 4.2 | −0.7/9.0 | 3.3 | `-1.6/ 8.1 |
| Availability of slippers | 1214 | 19.8 | 1278 | 24.9 | 4.8 | 0.1/ 9.4 | 3.0 | −1.8/ 7.7 |
| Availability of cleaning materials | 1214 | 77.6 | 1278 | 84.3 | 6.4 | 0.8/ 12.0 | 5.0 | −0.7/ 10.6 |
| Toilet is in apparent use | 1214 | 86.1 | 1278 | 90.4 | 4.3 | −0.6/ 9.2 | 3.1 | −1.8/ 8.0 |
| Made any changes in last 6 months | 1214 | 6.3 | 1278 | 6.0 | −0.2 | −2.4/ 1.9 | − 0.3 | −2.5/ 1.9 |
| Plan to make any changes | 1214 | 27.6 | 1278 | 22.9 | −4.7 | −9.3/ 0 | −3.6 | −8.3/ 1.2 |
| Five star items | ||||||||
| Painted walls | 1214 | 44.9 | 1278 | 52.9 | 8.1 | 1.9/14.2 | 5.3 | −0.8/11.5 |
| Clean | 1214 | 68.5 | 1278 | 76.0 | 7.4 | 1.3/13.4 | 5.7 | −0.4/11.7 |
| Light bulb | 1214 | 53.4 | 1278 | 62.4 | 9.3 | 1.8/16.8 | 6.9 | −0.3/14.1 |
| Ventilation | 1214 | 18.0 | 1278 | 18.8 | 0.8 | −3.0/4.7 | 0.4 | −3.6/4.3 |
| Water | 1214 | 39.0 | 1278 | 47.6 | 8.9 | 2.2/15.6 | 5.3 | −1.0/11.7 |
PD prevalence difference, calculated using linear regression (function: Gaussian, link: identity). Clustering at village level was adjusted for by using generalised estimating equations and robust standard errors. APD adjusted prevalence difference. PD was adjusted for asset index (continuous variable) and maximum male education level (dichotomised into primary or less vs secondary or higher)