Table 2.
Characteristics of sampled studies (n = 61)
| Study name | Date | Type of study | Intervention term | Country | Level of the health care system | Purpose of the study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akhlaq | 2016 | Review, qualitative | HIE | LMICs | Management, countries | Barriers and facilitators of HIE |
| Boyd Boyd | 2014 | Conceptual | RL | Australia | Research | Functions of record linkage |
| Burris | 2017 | Commentary | HIE | USA | Frontline: hospitals | Benefits of HIE |
| Campion | 2012 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: health care workers | Push and pull of HIE |
| Cimino | 2014 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Debates around consumer-mediated HIE |
| Dalan | 2010 | Conceptual | DM | USA | Management | Possibilities for clinical data mining and research |
| Dimitropoulos | 2009 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Privacy and security of interoperable HIE |
| Dixon | 2010 | Review, framework | HIE | USA | Research | Costs, effort and value of HIE |
| Downing | 2017 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | USA | Management: policy | Relationship between HIE and organisational HIE policy decisions |
| Downs | 2010 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Improving laboratory services through HIE |
| Dullabh | 2013 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Management: organisations | Experience of HIE implementation |
| Elysee Elysee | 2017 | Primary, quantitative | HIE, IO | USA | Frontline: hospitals | Relationship between HIE, interoperability and medication reconciliation |
| Esmaeilzadeh | 2016 | Review | HIE | n/a | Management: policy | HIE assimilation and patterns for policy |
| Esmaeilzadeh | 2017 | Review | HIE | n/a | Frontline: patients | Patients’ perceptions of HIE |
| Fontaine | 2010 | Review | HIE | n/a | Frontline: primary health care | HIE for primary health care practices |
| Fontaine | 2010 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: primary health care | Barriers and facilitators of HIE in primary care practices |
| Frisse | 2010 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Frontline: patients, workers | Impact of HIE on patient-provider relationships |
| Gadd | 2011 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: health care workers | Users’ perspectives on the usability of a regional HIE |
| Gill | 2001 | Primary, quantitative | DL | South Africa | Frontline: patients, disease | Linkage of non-communicable diseases data |
| Greene | 2016 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Technical and financial aspects of HIE |
| Grossman | 2008 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Barriers to stakeholder participation in HIE |
| Haarbrandt | 2016 | Conceptual | DW | USA | Management | Approaches for a clinical data warehouse |
| Herwehe | 2012 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: health care workers | Implementation of an electronic medical record and HIE |
| Hincapie | 2011 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: health care workers | Physicians’ opinions of HIE |
| Hopf | 2014 | Review | DL | n/a | Frontline: health care workers | Healthcare professionals’ views of linking routinely collected data |
| Hu | 2007 | Conceptual | DS | USA | Management | Challenges in implementing an infectious disease information sharing and analysis system |
| Hypponen | 2014 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | Finland | Frontline: health care workers | User experiences with different regional HIE |
| Ji | 2017 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | Korea | Frontline: hospitals | Technology and policy changes for HIE |
| Jones | 2012 | Conceptual | DS | USA | Management | An overview of electronic data sharing |
| Kash | 2017 | Review | HIE | n/a | Frontline: hospitals | Hospital readmission reduction and the role of HIE |
| Kierkegaard | 2014 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: health care workers | Applications of HIE information to public health practice |
| Kierkegaard | 2014 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Management | Health practitioners’ needs and HIE |
| Kuperman | 2013 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Potential unintended consequences of HIE |
| Liu | 2010 | Primary, qualitative | DH | China | Management | Defining data elements for HIE |
| Maiorana | 2012 | Primary, mixed | HIE | USA | Frontline: workers, disease | Trust, confidentiality and acceptability of sharing HIV data for HIE |
| Massoudi | 2016 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: organisations | HIE for clinical quality measures |
| Mastebroek | 2014 | Review | HIE | USA | Frontline: disease, workers | HIE in general care practice for people with disabilities |
| Mastebroek | 2016 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | Netherlands | Frontline: health care workers | Priority setting and feasibility of HIE |
| Mastebroek | 2017 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | Netherlands | Frontline: patients | Experiences of people with intellectual disabilities in HIE |
| Matsumoto | 2017 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: workers, hospitals | HIE in managing hospital services |
| Parker | 2016 | Review | HIE | USA | Research | The use of HIE in supporting clinical research |
| Politi | 2014 | Conceptual | HIE | n/a | Management | Use patterns of HIE |
| Rahurkar | 2015 | Review | HIE | n/a | Frontline: hospital | Impact of HIE on cost, use and quality of care |
| Ramos | 2016 | Primary, mixed | HIE | USA | Frontline: patients | HIE consent process in an HIV clinic |
| Ranade-Kharkar | 2014 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Improving data quality integrity through HIE |
| Ross | 2010 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: clinics | Motivators, barriers, and potential facilitators of adoption of HIE |
| Rudin | 2014 | Review | HIE | USA | Frontline: clinical care | Use and effect of HIE on clinical care |
| Vest | 2016 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Management: policy makers, leaders | Information-sharing needs and HIE |
| Sadoughi | 2018 | Review | HIE | n/a | Management | Quality and cost-effectiveness, and the rates of HIE adoption and participation |
| Santos | 2017 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | Brazil | Frontline: clinics, hospitals |
HIE for continuity of maternal and neonatal care |
| Shade | 2012 | Primary, quantitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: clinics, hospitals | HIE for quality and continuity of HIV care |
| Shapiro | 2016 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Frontline: workers, organisations | HIE in emergency medicine |
| Shapiro | 2006 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Approaches to patient HIE and their impact on emergency medicine |
| Vest | 2012 | Review | HIE | n/a | Management | National and international approaches of health information exchange |
| Vest | 2015 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: consumers, organisations | HIE to change cost and utilisation outcomes |
| Vest | 2010 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Challenges and strategies for HIE |
| Williams | 2012 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Strategies to advance HIE |
| Yaraghi | 2014 | Conceptual | HIE | USA | Management | Professional and geographical network effects on HIE growth |
| Yeager | 2014 | Primary, qualitative | HIE | USA | Frontline: consumers | Factors related to HIE participation and use |
| Zaidan | 2015 | Conceptual | HIE | Malaysia | Management | Security framework for nationwide HIE |
| Zhu | 2010 | Primary quantitative | HIE | USA | Research | Facilitating clinical research through HIE |