Figure 1.

Stylised example illustrating (a) the population expected value of perfect implementation (pEVPIM); (b) the expected value of eliminating slow (A), low (B) and delayed (C = C1 + C2) implementation; and (c) the expected value of eliminating regional implementation variation (D).

ρ is the average level of implementation. ρ^high is the level of implementation in the highest implementing region. max(ρ_t) is the highest average level of implementation. max(${\rho }_t^{\mathrm{high}}$) is the highest level of implementation achieved in the highest implementing region. t₀ is the time when the technology becomes available for use. t_implement is the time when implementation starts.