Table 2.
The direct effects of tobacco smoking, as well as the causal mediation (indirect) effects via gene expression, on the mutational signature in lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05)
| Gene | Effect a | Beta | 95% CI | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||||
| AHRR | ACME | 4.5 × 10− 4 | 1.6 × 10− 4 | 8.3 × 10− 4 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 |
| ADE | 2.9 × 10− 3 | 1.7 × 10− 3 | 4.1 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Total Effect | 3.3 × 10− 3 | 2.1 × 10− 3 | 4.5 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Prop | 13.4% | 4.6% | 25.6% | 2.0 × 10− 4 | |
| CAPN8 | ACME | 3.4 × 10− 4 | 8.2 × 10− 5 | 6.8 × 10− 4 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 |
| ADE | 3.0 × 10− 3 | 1.8 × 10− 3 | 4.2 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Total Effect | 3.3 × 10− 3 | 2.1 × 10− 3 | 4.5 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Prop | 9.8% | 2.4% | 21.7% | 2.2 × 10− 3 | |
| GPR15 | ACME | 7.7 × 10− 4 | 3.9 × 10− 4 | 1.2 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 |
| ADE | 2.6 × 10− 3 | 1.4 × 10− 3 | 3.7 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Total Effect | 3.4 × 10− 3 | 2.2 × 10− 3 | 4.4 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Prop | 22.8% | 11.3% | 39.4% | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| HDGF | ACME | 4.2 × 10− 4 | 1.6 × 10− 4 | 7.6 × 10− 4 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 |
| ADE | 2.9 × 10− 3 | 1.8 × 10− 3 | 4.1 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Total Effect | 3.4 × 10− 3 | 2.2 × 10− 3 | 4.5 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Prop | 12.3% | 4.7% | 24.6% | 8.0 × 10− 4 | |
| RPS6KA1 | ACME | 3.0 × 10− 4 | 1.8 × 10− 5 | 6.7 × 10− 4 | 0.040 |
| ADE | 3.0 × 10− 3 | 1.9 × 10− 3 | 4.2 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Total Effect | 3.3 × 10− 3 | 2.1 × 10− 3 | 4.5 × 10− 3 | < 1.0 × 10− 4 | |
| Prop | 8.6% | 5% | 20.6% | 0.032 | |
“a”: “ACME” refers to the average causal mediation effects. “ADE” refers to the average direct effects. “Prop” refers to the proportion of the total effect of tobacco smoking on the mutational signature mediated by the gene expression