Table 1.
Abnormal results in the serum chemistry panel for cow 2.
| Test name | Unit | Result | Reference interval |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium | mmol/L | 158 | 134–144 |
| Potassium | mmol/L | 6.0 | 4.0–5.9 |
| Chloride | mmol/L | 102 | 98–99 |
| Anion gap | mmol/L | 35 | 19–26 |
| Na/K ratio | 26 | ||
| Calcium | mmol/L | 2.1 | 2.2–2.7 |
| Total protein | g/L | 90 | 67–88 |
| Globulin | g/L | 56 | 28–54 |
| Glucose | mmol/L | 4.8 | 3.2–4.4 |
| AST | µkat/L | 4.0 | 0.9–2.3 |
| GGT | µkat/L | 0.1 | 0.3–0.9 |
| Total bilirubin | µmol/L | 6.8 | 0.0–1.7 |
| Indirect bilirubin | µmol/L | 5.1 | 0.0–1.7 |
| Creatine kinase | U/L | 26 | 2–5 |
AST = aspartate aminotransferase; GGT = gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Reference intervals sourced from the Clinical Pathology laboratory, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.