Table 2.
Summary of findings using GRADE
| Summary of findings: | ||||||
| 3% Hypertonic Saline compared to 0.9% Normal Saline for ped bronchitis | ||||||
|
Patient or population: ped bronchitis Setting: Intervention: 3% Hypertonic Saline Comparison: 0.9% Normal Saline | ||||||
| Outcomes | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect(95% CI) | № of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence(GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with 0.9% Normal Saline | Risk with 3% Hypertonic Saline | |||||
| CSS | The mean CSS was −3.57 to 8.8 point | MD 0.93 point lower(1.23 lower to 0.62 lower) | – | 2010(11 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯LOW a,b | |
| RDAI | The mean RDAI was −4.7 to 5.32 point | MD 0.6 point lower(0.95 lower to 0.26 lower) | – | 1369(5 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯MODERATE a | |
| LOS | The mean LOS was 1.4 to 7.49 days | MD 0.54 days lower(0.86 lower to 0.23 lower) | – | 2055(20 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯LOW a,b | |
| Rate of hospitalisation | 402 per 1000 | 342 per 1000(298 to 394) | RR 0.85(0.74 to 0.98) | 1710(8 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯MODERATE a | |
| Rate of re-admission | 135 per 1000 | 97 per 1000(53 to 180) | RR 0.72(0.39 to 1.33) | 485(4 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯MODERATE a | |
| Time of sleeping | The mean time of sleeping was 4.54 to 7.32 h | MD 1.72 h higher(0.43 lower to 3.88 higher) | – | 110(2 RCTs) | ⨁⨁◯◯LOW a,b | |
| Frequency of wake-up in the night | The mean frequency of wake-up in the night was 3.11 to 9.28 time | MD 5.61 time lower(6.54 lower to 4.67 lower) | – | 110(2 RCTs) | ⨁⨁⨁◯MODERATE a | |
*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
CI: Confidence interval; MD: Mean difference; RR: Risk ratio
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect
Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different
Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect
Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect
Explanations
a. The overall of Risk of Bias was some concern
b. I2 > 75% (statistically significant)