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. 2020 Aug 31;11:1032. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01032

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Copyright © 2020 Dreiner, Willwacher, Kramer, Kümmel, Frett, Zaucke, Liphardt, Gruber and Niehoff.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mean (lines) and individual (marks) of peak forces [N/kg] (A) and peak force*ground contacts [kN/kg] (B) per leg, normalized to body mass for the four types of impact loading (artificial gravity elicited by centrifugation AGJ, artificial gravity in the sledge jump system SJS, normal vertical jumps EGJ and running on a treadmill RUN (N = 14)). An asterisk symbol (*) denotes a significant difference compared to all other types of impact loading (p < 0.001), and a ^† symbol a significant difference compared to AGJ and EGJ (p < 0.001).