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. 2020 Sep 14;13:123. doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00952-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — TFG and TFMG suppresses metastasis in mouse models. a Schematic diagram depicting the generation of metastatic tumor models and treatment schedule. LLC tumor-bearing mice, following LLC cell inoculation, were administered, intravenously, TFG (10 nmol/kg), TFMG (10 nmol/kg), or vehicle control (PBS) on days 7, 10, and 13, and the primary tumors were dissected on day 14. Inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) and lungs were sampled on day 28. b Representative photographic images of metastatic lungs resected from mice from the control, TFG, or TFMG groups. Graphical representation of the observed metastatic nodules in each group (n ≥ 8). c Confocal images of sections of inguinal LNs showing cytokeratin+ tumor metastatic areas. Sections of inguinal LNs from vehicle control (PBS), TFG, or TFMG-treated mice were stained with cytokeratin (green, epithelial cells), LYVE-1 (yellow, lymphatic vessels), and Hoechst 33258 (blue, nuclei) (n = 5). Scale bars: 100 μm. Quantitation (c) was done using ImageJ software. d Schematic diagram depicting the treatment schedule for MMTV-PyMT mice. Tumor growth was analyzed weekly in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse models from week 12 and onwards following birth. The mice were treated with TFG (10 nmol/kg), TFMG (10 nmol/kg), or vehicle control (PBS) every 3 days until the tumors were sampled and analyzed at week 15. e Pattern of increase in tumor burden in the vehicle control (PBS), TFG-, or TFMG-treated MMTV-PyMT mice. Tumor burden was calculated as the sum of the volumes of all tumor masses (n = 4). f Pattern of increase in the number of palpable tumor nodules in the MMTV-PyMT mice (n = 4). g Photographic images of representative metastatic lungs resected from the MMTV-PyMT mice at week 15. The yellow arrowheads indicate metastatic nodules in the lungs of the respective groups (n = 4). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Data information: Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was done using two-way ANOVA for growth curves or a student t test for No. of metastatic nodules. *P < 0.05 (b, c), *P < 0.0001 (e, f), *P < 0.001 (g).