. 2020 Sep 14;268:115642. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115642

Table 4.

Occurrence of THC and its metabolites in various water systems.

Source^a	Concentration (ng L⁻¹)^b			Reference
Source^a	THC	THC-OH	THC-COOH
INF	–	–	18.8 to 940	Andrés-Costa et al. (2014)
EFF	–	–	N.D.	Andrés-Costa et al. (2014)
INF	97	–	48	Andrés-Costa et al. (2016)
EFF	N.D.	–	N.D.	Andrés-Costa et al. (2016)
SW	N.D.	–	N.D.	Andrés-Costa et al. (2016)
INF, EFF	–	–	N.D.	Berset et al. (2010)
SW	–	–	N.D.	Berset et al. (2010)
INF, EFF	–	–	N.D.	Bijlsma et al. (2009)
INF	–	–	N.D. to 489	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	N.D. to 22	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
INF	–	–	501 to 916	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	25	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
INF	–	–	15 to 359	Bodik et al. (2016)
INF	N.D. to 31.5	–	N.D.to 96.2	Boleda et al. (2007)
EFF	N.D.	–	N.D. to 71.1	Boleda et al. (2007)
SW	N.D. to 13.6	–	16.4 to 34.1	Boleda et al. (2007)
INF	N.D. to 127	–	N.D. to 402	Boleda et al. (2009)
EFF	n.d. to 20.5	–	N.D. to 71.7	Boleda et al. (2009)
SW	N.D.	–	N.D. to 79.5	Boleda et al. (2009)
RDW	N.D. to 79.5	–	N.D. to 14.7	Boleda et al. (2009)
TDW	N.D.	–	N.D.	Boleda et al. (2009)
RDW, TDW	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Boleda et al. (2011a)
TDW	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Boleda et al. (2011b)
TDW	–	–	N.D. to 1	Carmona et al. (2014)
SW	–	–	N.D. to 7	Carmona et al. (2014)
INF	4.1		2590	Carmona et al. (2014)
EFF	N.D.		753	Carmona et al. (2014)
INF	–	–	62.7 to 91.2	Castiglioni et al. (2006)
EFF	–	–	N.D. to 7.2	Castiglioni et al. (2006)
SW	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Catalá et al. (2015)
INF	–	–	700	Chiavola et al. (2019)
INF	–	–	268 to 1160	Devault et al. (2014)
INF	–	–	722 to 1270	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	16 to 169	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
INF	–	–	N.D. to 90.2	Gatidou et al. (2016)
INF, EFF	N.D.		N.D.	Gerrity et al. (2011)
INF	–	–	36 to 401	González-Mariño et al. (2010)
EFF	–	–	N.D. to 77	González-Mariño et al. (2010)
SW	–	–	N.D. to 31	González-Mariño et al. (2010)
INF	22 to 2070	–	30 to 2410	Heuett et al. (2015)
EFF	–	–	168 to 772	Jacox et al. (2017)
EFF	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Jurado et al. (2012)
INF	–	–	N.D.	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	168 to 772	Jacox et al. (2017)
INF	–	–	42 to 140	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
INF	–	–	93 to 340	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	10 to 24	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
INF	–	–	133 to 191	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	18	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
INF	–	–	N.D. to 290	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
EFF	–	–	N.D. to 47	Mackuľak et al., 2014, Mackuľak et al., 2015, Mackuľak et al., 2016
SW	N.D.	–	N.D. to 79.7	Mendoza et al. (2014)
TDW	N.D.	N.D.	N.D.	Mendoza et al. (2016)
INF	–	–	44 to 1200	Nefau et al. (2013)
EFF	–	–	n.d. to 161	Nefau et al. (2013)
INF	–	–	121 to 273	van Nuijs et al. (2014)
INF	–	–	11.7 to 12.5	Palardy et al. (2015)
EFF	–	–	N.D.	Palardy et al. (2015)
INF	–	–	144 to 219	Pedrouzo et al. (2011)
EFF	–	–	N.D.	Pedrouzo et al. (2011)
INF	13.8 to 39.4	8.4 to 77.6	4.3 to 32.5	Postigo et al. (2008)
EFF	N.D. to 20.5	4.8 to 23	3.9 to 19.0	Postigo et al. (2008)
INF	N.D. to 48.4	N.D. to 90.9	N.D. to 21.7	Postigo et al. (2010)
EFF	N.D.	0.4	N.D. to 72.8	Postigo et al. (2010)
SW	N.D.	0.4	5.5	Postigo et al. (2010)
INF	N.D. to 125	N.D.	64 to 168	Postigo et al. (2011)
INF	12 to 35	–	50 to 153	Racamonde et al. (2012)
EFF	3.7 to 7.6	–	N.D. to 28	Racamonde et al. (2012)
SW	N.D. to 3.7	–	9.5 to 10	Racamonde et al. (2012)
INF	–	N.D. to 66	N.D. to 111	Senta et al. (2013)
EFF	–	N.D. to 5.2	N.D. to 5.8	Senta et al. (2013)
INF	–	–	21 to 128	Terzic et al. (2010)
EFF	–	–	N.D.	Terzic et al. (2010)
SW	N.D.	–	N.D.	Vazquez-Roig et al. (2010)
EFF	–	–	N.D.	Yao et al. (2016)
SW	–	–	N.D. to 10.3	Yao et al. (2016)
EFF	N.D.	–	N.D. to 99	Zenobio et al. (2015)
SW	N.D.	–	N.D.	Zenobio et al. (2015)
SW	–	–	N.D. to 3.7	Zuccato et al. (2008)

INF: wastewater influent; EFF: wastewater effluent; SW: surface water; RDW: raw drinking water; TDW: treated drinking water.

’-’Not measured; N.D.: not detected.